Objectives Announcements for Monday August 30 Objectives Continue Macromolecules Monomers Finish Carbohydrates Begin Proteins Amino Acid Structure and Properties Announcements MCB 150 Proficiency Exam is tomorrow evening sign up in 252 Davenport Hall by noon tomorrow Don t forget the LON CAPA post lecture questions for today s lecture due Tuesday at noon First Weekly Review active now due Fri 5 00 PM Friday Sept 3 at 5 00 PM is deadline for adding the course or changing sections Be 911 Join Illini EMS www illiniems org Get CPR First Responder or EMT B Certified Save Lives Have FUN Come to a General Meeting Tuesday August 31st 6 pm 1320 DCL Or Wednesday September 8th 7 pm 151 Loomis Lab In maltose and cellobiose both monosaccharides are glucose but not all disaccharides have to be the same monomers The chemical formula for a disaccharide of hexose sugars is C12H22O11 Why does this differ from the general formula of Cn H2O n One monomer is a monosaccharide Two monomers are a disaccharide Several monomers are called an oligosaccharide oligo several Hundreds or thousands of monomers are a polysaccharide poly many Carbohydrates can be modified Linkage of oligosaccharides to other macromolecules Carbohydrates can be modified Addition of chemical groups Polysaccharides serve as chemical sources of energy or structural compounds Cellulose Starch Glycogen Cellulose the most abundant carbon containing i e organic compound on the face of the Earth found in plant cell walls linear unbranched polymer of glucose Cellulose Starch found chiefly in seeds fruits tubers roots and stems of plants energy storage branched polymers of glucose Starch Glycogen found in muscle and liver cells of animals energy storage branched polymers of glucose Glycogen Our next Macromolecule Proteins we are the product of our proteins and protein activity study of proteins and protein activity PROTEOMICS account for most of the dry weight in the cell involved in nearly all types of cell functions structure hair storage egg whites transport red blood cells movement muscles regulation metabolism catalysis Most of our useful genetic information instructs the cell how to build proteins to understand how this occurs we need to know about the composition of proteins Proteins are the macromolecule Amino Acids are the monomer Basic structure of an amino acid The R group is the only group that differs between different amino acids it s what makes one type of amino acid different from another Proteins are polymers of amino acids During protein synthesis the protein building machinery links amino acids by constructing covalent PEPTIDE BONDS that join the COO group of one amino acid to the NH2 group of the next amino acid in the N C direction Some common terminology Two amino acids A few amino acids A long chain of amino acids Polypeptide with a purpose 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins differ only in R groups which confer distinct properties to that amino acid large number of amino acids makes possible a huge number of different amino acid sequences Amino acid R groups 4 classes based on charge Uncharged polar Uncharged non polar hydrophobic often buried or clustered in interior of proteins Positively charged basic Negatively charged acidic
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