Economic globalization who are the losers and why do they lose http www globallearningnj org global ata a global game of winners and losers htm Losers Africa and Latin America because unemployment no assets low wages unskilled workers primary producers smaller companies International division of labor including peasants urban poor Spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies global industrial shift production processes are relocated from developed countries to developing countries Theories of the causes of famine Failure of exchange entitlements inability of an agricultural laborer to exchange his primary entitlement breakdown of the ability of a person to exchange his entitlements rather than due to food decline IMF what is it what are its goals approaches International Monetary Fund goal is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries to transact with each other promotes sustainable economic growth increasing living standards and reducing poverty Life Debt film on Jamaica see handout Bananas milk and the IMF US Jamaica gaining independence change in export tariffs get rid of fresh milk because of the surplus Jamaicans and British banana agreement The role of tourism If you want to learn more see chapter 12 Tourist has a global significance in term of the steep rise in their numbers their economic contribution and their cultural penetration of other societies Some tourists may enhance multicultural understanding and awareness Assumptions behind model of free market utopia No government intervention in market provides the greatest opportunity for achievement and progress for corporations Major quandary for Western countries about immigration Fear of overpopulation international migration is a controversial matter because it highlights important questions about national identity global equity social justice and the universality of human rights International migration policy is difficult to formulate because it involves the movement of human beings To make sacrifices and to take risks in order fulfilling their aspiration Why international migration is controversial policy is difficult to form Global migration seems to threaten the residents sense of national and culture identity With increased global inequalities violent political conflict and often the complete collapse of livelihoods attaining work and residential rights can be a matter of life or death for migrants Main reasons for emigration IDPs Somebody who has been pushed form his or normal place of residence by war civil conflict or disaster How place of origin matters for individuals There is no greater sorrow on earth than the loss of one s native land Types of migrants Undocumented Workers Overstaying and deliberating illegal entry o For deliberate illegal entrants large sum of money change hands entry certificates and visas are forged Best example is from Mexican labor in the USA for money and work Women Migrants women left behind women made opportunistic marriages and faked relationship Sex trade sex industry Legal vs non legal categories of international migrants Visas or those who are undocumented Different types of economic migrants Someone who has emigrated from one region to another region for the purposes of seeking employment or improved financial position An economic migrant is distinct from someone who is a refugee fleeing persecution Many countries have immigration and visa restrictions that prohibit a person entering the country for the purposes of gaining work without a valid work visa Persons who are declared an economic migrant can be refused entry into a country Definition of colonial family reunification migrations Colonial People from colonial recent countries that go to host former power country ex Indians living in Europe Family Reunification Migration primary family right to bring in spouse and kids Undocumented migrants methods of migration types of work Refugees different definitions state approaches to them A person who is outside their country of origin or habitual residence because they have suffered or fear persecution on account of race religion nationality political opinion or because they are a member of a persecuted social group or because they are fleeing natural disaster Such a person may be referred to as an asylum seeker until recognized by the state where they make a claim Asylum system in Europe Greece See handout for Dublin s Gate film Middle class income rose in a smaller percentage than the top 1 United States media is very misinformed by the different corporations running and lobbying for their own positions and views National Association of Broadcasting Media Quid pro quo something for something The economic impacts of immigration different stances Immigration lowers the wages of unskilled workers but also help keep inflation low Only population that immigration hurts is those without high school diplomas Essentialist and Social Constructionist Views of Deviance Essentialist View of Deviance deviant behaviors are objective universally recognized as deviant o Limitation Milgram Experiment obedience o Consequence for dealing with deviance assault Social Constructionist Views of Deviance categories of deviant are social not natural based on perspectives and interests of the observer o Limitations arbitrariness blurring lines fuzziness o Consequence for dealing with deviance ex Alcoholism Problems with measuring crime rates crimes may not be reported private matter or nothing can be done different recording practices variable definitions systematic errors deliberately falsifying crime reports professionalism and reporting techniques Characteristics of Deviance 1 Behavior of Characteristics a Acts that deviate from social norms 2 A Non Evaluative Term Academically a People doing things that are not taken for granted 3 A label used to maintain power control and position of a dominant group a Ex White Collar federal vs Blue Collar Crime street 4 A label that is attached to acts and also people a Labeling Theory Labeling Theory 3 Stages of Deviance 1 Primary Deviance a Person commits act b Person is considered deviant treated as a deviant c Person considers self as deviant 2 Secondary Deviance a Self identified deviant commits more deviant acts i Ex employment applications check box for committing acts of crime may deter from