1 Within the view of development new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times Chapter 1 a Discontinuous b Nature c Continuous d Nurture 3 5 2 A major disadvantage of cross sectional research is that a Age related changes cannot be examined b Participants often drop out before the study is over c Factors affecting individual development cannot be explored d Practice effects often cause biased findings In a design the investigator studies groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time a Cross sectional b Longitudinal c Sequential d Correlational 4 Behaviorism focuses on a Unconscious impulses and drives b Stimuli and responses c Natural selection and survival of the fittest d Clinical case studies Dr George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase pro social behavior in preschoolers Dr George s predictions is an example of a a Theory b Research question c Hypothesis d Research design 6 Professor Gimbly wants to investigate how children of different ages characterize their friendships He should use a research design a Cross sectional b Sequential c Correlational d Longitudinal 7 The ethnographic method assumes that will allow researchers to understand beliefs and behaviors a Entering into close contact with a social group b Bringing together a wide range of information on one person c Setting up a structured laboratory experiment d Using a flexible conversational interviewing style 8 Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon s intelligence test was originally constructed to a Measure individual differences in IQ b Document age related improvements in children s intellectual c functioning Identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes d Compare the scores of people who varies in gender ethnicity and birth order 9 Charles Darwin s theory of evolution emphasized and a The normative approach survival of the fittest b Noble savages physical maturation c Natural selection survival of the fittest d Tabula rasa natural selection 10 A n period is a time that is optimal for certain capacities to emerge 11 Dr K believes that development takes place in stages This is called the a Equilibriation b Imprinting c Adaptive d Sensitive perspective a Nurture b Continuous c Discontinuous d Nature 12 According to Freud the a Ego develops through interactions with parents b Superego is the conscious rational part of personality c Ego is the largest portion of the mind d Id is the basic biological needs and desires 13 In an experiment on the effects of music versus acting lessons on intelligence the independent variable would be a The type of lessons b A measure of intelligence c Type of music lessons d Frequency of acting lessons a Sociocultural b Stagewise c Bioecological d Evolutionary 14 Because a child s biologically influence dispositions join with environmental forces to mold development Urie Bronfenbrenner characterized his perspective as 15 History grade influences explain why tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times 16 Jade spend two years in a Mexican American community studying between parents and children using the research method a Siblings b Coworkers c Cohorts d Friends a Naturalistic observation b Ethnographic c Self report d Structured observation 17 According to social learning theory as children grow older they a Become more selective in what they imitate b Become less selective in what they imitate c d Respond more favorable to punishment than reinforcement Imitate more than they model 18 Jackson a professional baseball player is convinced that his 2 sons will both be outstanding athletes Jackson probably believes that athletic ability is most determined by a Nurture b Stage c Early experiences d Nature 19 One limitation of debriefing is a Young children often lack the cognitive skills to understand the reasons for deceptive procedures b Some individuals may agree to participate simple to engage in rewarding social interaction c The lack of availability of surrogate decision makers d Children may be concerned that the information they provide will not be kept confidential 20 A dependent variable is the a One the investigator expects to be influenced by the independent b Number that describes how two measures are associated with each c Number that shows the strength of the relationship between two d One the investigator randomly assigns to represents participant variable other measures characteristics 21 Which of the following is an example of a nonnormative influence a Steve reached puberty at 14 b Melina was born during the baby boom c Madison learned to talk at age 2 d Patty learned to speak Soanish and French in college 22 theory views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the environment 23 Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through a Social learning b Ethological c Sociocultural d Ecological systems observation a Naturalistic b Participant c Systematic d Structured 24 Random Assignment bias a Can compromise an experimental design by exposing the researcher s b Assures the participants are assigned to experimental conditions in an unbiased manner Is impossible to use in experimental designs Is a control technique that is primarily used in correlational studies c d 25 Which of the following questions would an information processing theorist ask a How do unconscious drives contribute to personality development b How do cultural values shape development c Are declines in memory during old age evident on all types of tasks or only some d Why are some individuals more aggressive than others 26 Developmental science is because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study a Theoretical b Empirical c Applied d Interdisciplinary 27 The lifespan perspective on development assumes that a Development is static and stable b Events that occur during infancy and early childhood have the strongest impact on the life course c Development is affected by a blend of biological psychological and social forces Individual development is continuous rather than discontinuous d 28 The increasing role of in the life course adds to the fluid nature of lifespan development a Age graded influences b Nonnormative events c History grade influences d Stagewise transformations 29 Longitudinal research can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in