Final Exam Most missed questions from Exams 7 12 SEVEN 1 To increase tension in a smooth muscle we need inactivated myosin light chain phosphatase and closer dense bodies 3 The increase of intracellular calcium in a smooth muscle is typically caused by opening voltage gated ligand gated or mechanically gated channels 5 While at the gym performing deadlifts you bend over to lift a heavy barbell that is resting on the ground As you decrease the weight of that barbell it will take less time to initially move the barbell and less time to move it all the way up 7 Gaining even more physiology knowledge Julie is reading her physiology textbook by holding it in front of her on her upturned right hand A friend decides she looks tired and sets a large coffee on top of the open text causing Julie s arm to move closer to the ground But she quickly recovers and raises the book coffee combination back up and then closer to her face so she can smell the rich aroma Starting with the addition of the coffee Julie s bicep did the series of contractions of eccentric isometric isotonic 9 The number of different metabolic processes a myofiber has to generate ATP via substrate level phosphorylation is three 11 During the knee jerk reflex the extensor muscle is stimulated and the flexor muscle is no longer stimulated 13 The I band and H zone will remain the same during an isometric contraction because the load is greater than the tension will decrease during an isotonic contraction because the load is less than the tension and will increase during an eccentric contraction because the load is greater than the tension 15 An increase in myosin light chain phosphatase will lead to smooth muscle relaxation 17 A myofiber is characterized by its speed of contraction its amount of ATPase activity and its mechanism for synthesizing ATP 19 One of your TAs is a high school track coach During the season she works with her two mile runners to develop their slow oxidative low ATPase muscles and her 100 meter sprinters to develop their fast glycolytic high ATPase muscles 21 During the off season a sprinter decides to train for a marathon After completing the training and marathon he finds that he is not able to sprint as well Correct statements about what changes occurred in his leg muscles are that the proportion of red myofibers increased his crossbridge cycling rate decreased his tension generation decreased and his number of mitochondria increased 23 Correct characteristics of a muscle with a long endurance capacity are that it contains all three types of myofibers its latency period and response time are both very long and it contains lots of myoglobin and vascularization 25 Carmen decides to participate in an arm wrestling contest Her initial contest finds her first neither gaining nor losing ground against her opponent second losing ground to her opponent then third moving her opponent s arm for the win The correct order of contracts for these three time points are iisometric eccentric isotonic 27 A battle with pink eye causes you to awaken in the morning with your eyes crusted shut You successfully reached for your phone and dialed your doctor not using voice commands You were able to accomplish this feat because of your proprioception system stretch receptors and Golgi tendon organs 29 Since Shelby the silly old dog is also a little chubby she sometimes has trouble jumping up onto the couch It takes her a little longer than it previously did to actually jump This means that she is experiencing a larger load a longer latent period and a longer isometric contraction 31 People trying to build muscle who take creatine supplements will have a shorter latent period when picking up a weight and have bigger muscles due to more water in the myofibers 33 Like the knee jerk reflex the withdrawal reflex requires both inhibition and stimulation and occurs before the cerebrum can process the stimulus 35 A correct statement about why smooth muscle is unstriated are that while it does not have actin lying between myosin filaments its dense bodies are arranged in multiple planes EIGHT 1 The endocrines would you expect to bind to a membrane bound receptor would be the polar ones like corticotropin releasing hormone CRH 3 Correct statements about endocrines are that the nonpolar steroids require a plasma binding protein insulin is an example of a peptide endocrine peptide endocrines start off as prohormones and are activated in vesicles and eliminating certain enzymes can impact the production of specific steroid endocrines 5 Pairs that share some of the same functions are oxytocin and prolactin lactation follicle stimulating hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH gonads and vasopressin aka ADH and oxytocin also NTs 7 Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH is to cortisol as Growth hormone GH is to IGF 1 9 The thyroid produces two amine endocrines that are nonpolar 11 Oxytocin is an endocrine produced by the hypothalamus 13 Endocrines from the hypothalamus pass through the nerve axons to allow for their release from the posterior pituitary gland 15 The hypothalamus sends Somatostatin SS a inhibitory endocrine to the pituitary gland via the infundibulum 17 The endocrine Somatostatin SS is produced in the hypothalamus Luteinizing hormone LH is produced in the pituitary Cortisol is produced in the adrenal gland and Vasopressin aka ADH is produced in the hypothalamus 19 Based on the currently identified endocrines covered in lecture the anterior pituitary gland releases 8 endocrines and the posterior pituitary gland releases 2 endocrines 21 Using her physiology knowledge and in her free time Julie determines the method to properly activate the beta endorphin pathway To cover her medical school tuition she decides to sell her knowledge to a company working on anesthesias or arthritis remedies 23 Contributions to the regulation of endocrine levels in the blood can come from an increase in the level of glucose in the plasma the decrease of an endocrine in the blood and or input from the somatosensory system to the central nervous system 25 At a recent annual checkup Carmen was told that her routine blood showed that an endocrine issue might be present The test was not very precise so her doctor could only know that it was a problem with a tyrosine based endocrine He ordered more tests In the meantime you correctly explain to Carmen that her test results could be due to a problem in the production of an endocrine produced extracellularly
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