Terms Industrialization Thomas Edison Andrew Carnegie Knights of Labor Social Darwinism Ellis Island Terms Black Codes Sharecropping KKK Jim Crow Andrew Johnson 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Terms Homestead Acts Plains Indian Culture Little Big Horn Ghost Dance Wounded Knee Promontory Point Industrialization Black Codes Laws passed in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves to combat the codes congress passed civil rights act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment and set up military governments in southern states that refused to ratify the amendment Designed to restrict the freedom of African Americans demonstrated that they intended to preserve slavery nearly as possible It varied from state to state Black could own property they could sue and be sued in the courts Black coed made it illegal for freedmen to hold public office travel freely or serve on juries 1 Laws passed by state government in the south varied state to state attempted to define the status of the former slaves in the southern slaves an attempt to control them 2 Not allowed to vote to own guns limited rights in courts no missing between races some states required permits for any type of work besides agricultural Andrew Johnson Sought to follow Lincoln s plan He opposed the Congressional program Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act limiting the President s power to dismiss his own Cabinet members In favor of the small farmers racist He wanted to restore the union rather than reconstruct it He wanted to readmit the former confederate states He challenged congress in 1866 when he vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen s Bureau 1 Successor to Lincoln 2 Opposed to succession 3 Adopted lenient approach a Southern states had to recognize emancipation b Those who participated in the war had to swear allegiance to the United States lower level soldiers and officers c Higher ranked Confederates officials had to receive personal pardons for their crimes of treason 4 Johnson eventually impeached by the Radical Republicans not satisfied with how he was building reconstruction 14th Amendment It established a constitutional guarantee of basic citizenship for all Americans including African Americans Guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted citizenship to all former slaves It also prohibited state governments from denying any citizen the right to a fair trial and equal protection under the law 3 14th Amendment 1868 equal protections on the laws for everyone we are all equal 15th Amendment Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote Forbids states it deny any person the right to vote on grounds of race color or previous condition of servitude Former Confederate states were required to ratify this amendment before they could be readmitted to the Union 4 15th Amendment 1870 gave all men the right to vote no matter on race color creed and religion KKK Organized in 1866 as a social club with the costumes and secret rituals common to fraternal groups They spread horrendous rumors issuing threats harassing African Americans and wreaking violence and destruction Responsible for 11 murders and hundreds of whippings Formed to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction i Originated in TN years after civil war ii Started as secret society iii Kuklous small group of people iv Largely former confederates who were applauded that former slaves had political equality v Threatened AA s to not vote during election Usually lynching vi Leader William Saunders of Wilmington NC 1870 s Led tens of thousands of members Andrew Carnegie Steel Industry extremely rich 1 Andrew Carnegie acquired land a Had oil on land i Took money and invested in steal industry ii By 1900 s personally making 40 million dollars iii Wealth like that never existed before in the us Knights of Labor Began in 1869 hoped to form one large national union joining together all skilled workers Under the leadership of Terrence Powderly the Knights of Labor grew rapidly in the prosperous times of the 1880s They proved to be too loosely organized to be effective against the power of large companies First national union picked up many members after the disastrous 1877 railroad strike The Knights allowed as members all who had ever worked for wages except for lawyers doctors bankers and those who sold liquor One big union of all workers skilled and unskilled regardless of race color creed or sex 2 Challenged and argued against the Gospel of Success that it was unfair exposed workers and should be reformed 3 Changes should be implemented to help factory workers 4 Influenced labor unions who tired to improve the working conditions and wages of factory workers 5 Began in 1870 6 Vision cooperate commonwealth 7 Business should be owned collectively by all of the workers 8 Labor unions Social Darwinism A cluster of ideas that exercised an important influence on American thought Used the concept of Survival of the fittest to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty 9 Worked harder more talented 10 The poor were poor because they deserved it Ellis Island Reception center in New York Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954 11 Coming through Ellis Island 10 000 immigrants per day Sharecropping Sharecroppers had nothing to offer their landowner but their labor worked the owner s land in return for seed fertilizer and supplies and a share of the crop generally about half Cotton was still important to the southern economy Plantation owners former slave owners could not farm their land due to loss of slaves So Slavery was replaced by sharecropping They had a one year contact lives and works on land for year at the end of the year you share and split the crop Land owner gets 2 3 of the crop family would get 1 3 On the downside you didn t receive any money till crop is sold lend money or sell on credit charge interest It was cheap labor and there were black and White sharecroppers Jim Crow laws Mandated separation of the races in various public places African Americans were not permitted to ride in the same train cars attend the same schools or use any of the same public facilities as whites In 1896 the Supreme court upheld racial segregation in Plessy v Ferguson i ii iii Dealt with the states of former slaves of southern states Completely divide southern society based on race Limiting voting rights of African