16 Chapter 12 what is social psychology how individual thoughts feelings and behaviors are in uenced by social situations social behavior interacting with people the evolutionary perspective suggests 2 determinants task of survival task of reproduction survival group 2 or more people who believe they have something in common prejudice a positive negative evaluation discrimination a positive negative behavior in vs out group people behave differently when in a group why 1 deindividuation physical masking 2 social loa ng the tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group than when they re alone bystander effect diffusion of responsibility 3 group polarization the tendency for a group s initial leaning to get stronger over time group think hypothesis people who are excluded show brain activity similar to pain altruism behavior that bene ts another without bene tting oneself kin selection evolution reciprocal altruism expectation women are more selective than men why differences in reproductive biology social norms also play a role attraction situational geographically closer physical attractive features psychological personality point of view attitudes beliefs values ambitions and abilities relationships why our infants are born immature three components intimacy commitment passion commitment friendship companionate love is high in intimacy and relationships high in all three components indicate reproduction selectivity consummate love controlling people approval motive the power of social acceptance conformity the tendency to do what others are doing obedience the tendency to do what authorities tell us to do Solomon Asch Stanley Milgram accuracy motive the power of being right informational in uence a person s behavior is in uenced by people are motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance another person s behavior cognitive dissonance by changing attitude by changing behavior Zimbardo Prison Study social cognition the process by which people come to understand others describe what you see yellow circles and green triangles example of how we quickly group things into categories understanding people related stimuli categorization identify a stimulus as a part of a group of other stereotyping drawing inferences from categories stereotypes some nal thoughts can happen unconsciously and automatically attribution an inference about the cause of a person s behavior person internal attributions behavior is due to factors within the external attributions behavior is due to the situation Kelley s Theory of Attributions consensus do other people act this way consistency does this person usually act this way distinctiveness other situations attribution errors self serving bias tendency to take credit for our success and blame others for our failure fundamental attribution error tendency to make internal dispositional attributions for other s behaviors and ignore external situational factors actor observer effect tendency to make internal attributions for other s behaviors and internal attributions for our own behavior what is social psychology how individual thoughts feelings and behaviors are in uenced by social situations social behavior interacting with people the evolutionary perspective suggests 2 determinants task of survival task of reproduction survival common group 2 or more people who believe they have something in prejudice a positive negative evaluation discrimination a positive negative behavior in vs out group people behave differently when in a group why 1 deindividuation physical masking 2 social loa ng the tendency for people to expend less effort when in a group than when they re alone bystander effect diffusion of responsibility 3 group polarization the tendency for a group s initial leaning to get stronger over time group think hypothesis people who are excluded show brain activity similar to pain altruism behavior that bene ts another without bene tting oneself kin selection evolution reciprocal altruism expectation reproduction selectivity women are more selective than men why differences in reproductive biology social norms also play a role attraction situational geographically closer physical attractive features psychological personality point of view attitudes beliefs values ambitions and abilities relationships why our infants are born immature three components intimacy commitment passion friendship companionate love is high in intimacy and commitment relationships high in all three components indicate consummate love controlling people approval motive the power of social acceptance conformity the tendency to do what others are doing obedience the tendency to do what authorities tell us to do Solomon Asch Stanley Milgram accuracy motive the power of being right informational in uence a person s behavior is in uenced by another person s behavior cognitive dissonance people are motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance by changing attitude by changing behavior Zimbardo Prison Study social cognition the process by which people come to understand others describe what you see yellow circles and green triangles example of how we quickly group things into categories understanding people categorization identify a stimulus as a part of a group of other related stimuli stereotyping drawing inferences from categories stereotypes some nal thoughts can happen unconsciously and automatically attribution an inference about the cause of a person s internal attributions behavior is due to factors within the behavior person external attributions behavior is due to the situation Kelley s Theory of Attributions consensus do other people act this way consistency does this person usually act this way distinctiveness other situations attribution errors self serving bias tendency to take credit for our success and blame others for our failure fundamental attribution error tendency to make internal dispositional attributions for other s behaviors and ignore external situational factors actor observer effect tendency to make internal attributions for other s behaviors and internal attributions for our own behavior what is social psychology how individual thoughts feelings and behaviors are in uenced by social situations social behavior interacting with people the evolutionary perspective suggests 2 determinants task of survival task of reproduction survival common group 2 or more people who believe they have something in prejudice a positive negative evaluation discrimination a
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