what 3 processes does ATP provide energy for coupling of myosin cross bridges with actin pullin the actin and operating the calcium pump to remove calcium back into terminal cisternae what are the events involved with the power stroke myosin head pivots pulls actin filament high energy to low energy bent configuration uses up the energy ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head what are the sources of ATP availability as work or exercise ensues list the sequence of ATP source depletion how long would each source last for ATP stored on myosin head 6 seconds ADP CP system 10 15 seconds Glycolysis 40 seconds to a few minutes oxidative phosphorylation aerobic more than 5 minutes what is the importance of glycolysis how much ATP is produced with each cycle extracts energy from glucose breaks down into pyruvic acid and small amount of ATP Each cycle produces 2 ATP which metabolic pathway provides the most ATP how does this pathway differ from the others oxidative phosphorylation only aerobic pathway how many ATP are formed in oxidative phosphorylation what happens to pyruvic acid when oxygen is not available 36 ATP converts to lactic acid and cycle continues what is muscles fatigue and why does it occur physiological inability to contract caused by ATP being used faster than produced deficit what is recovery oxygen consumption what is its significance amount of oxygen needed to replenish muscles restore nutrients ATP maintains metabolic rate body temperature what factors determine the amount of muscle tension that is able to be generated number and size of fibers series elastic elements initial length of fibers metabolic condition number of fibers recruited and fiber arrangement what is the relationship between resting fiber length and muscle tension page 416 force of a muscle fiber depends on its length ideally 2 0 2 25 micrometers overly contracted thick filaments butt against z discs and fiber cannot contract much more when stimulated over stretched little overlap between thick and thin myofilaments few cross bridges can form between myosin and actin what is a motor unit a single nerve and the muscle fibers it innervates muscle fibers are dispersed throughout a muscle when stimulated cause a weak contraction over a wide area not a localized twitch in one small region in what ways do muscle fibers differ physiologically slow twitch fatigue resistant fast twitch fatigable fast twitch fatigue resistant list the 3 different muscle types discussed in class how do they differ skeletal striated voluntary visceral smooth involuntary cardiac striated involuntary what is the relationship between the size of a load and the speed of contraction heavier the load slower the contraction vice versa what types of adaptations occur as a result of aerobic exercise training increases number of mitochondria and capillaries more myoglobin what types of adaptations occur as a result of resistance exercise training muscle hypertrophy more myofibrils and myofilaments more CT more mitochondria larger glycogen reserves
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