History Lecture 10 31 2013 Cherokee Removal Key Terms Major Ridge John Ross Treaty of New Echota Frederick Jackson Turner s Frontier Thesis 1898 The existance of an ara of free land its continuous recession and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development The idea that the land was free and westward movement was natural progress Sequential development traders ranchers farmers cities factories Frontier is central to democracy and individualism Born 1771 Cherokee statesman Successful planter Shows the success that some Cherokee had under the intercourse acts Fought alongside Andrew Jackson in the Creek War Son of Major Ridge born in 1792 Educated at the American Board School in Connecticut Marries a white woman 1 in 4 marriages took place between a white and a Cherokee Leader of the Treaty Party Born 1790 1 8th Cherokee Principle Chief of the Cherokee Nation 1828 1860 The representative of the Cherokee people Strong opponent of Cherokee removal Significant because he was a major advocate for Cherokee rights Strongly against removal Major Ridge John Ridge John Ross Treaty of New Echota 1836 Treaty Party delegation of Cherokee statesmen led my John Ridge but did not have negotiating power with the US government travelled to Washington without the consent of the Principle Chief Provided Cherokees with 5 million to relinquish all lands east of the Mississippi Treaty gave Cherokees two years to leave for Indian Territory Significant Opposed by the majority of the Cherokee people Treaty went into effect 1836 By spring of 1838 only about 2 000 Cherokee had left for the Indian Territory John Ross goes around collecting signatures opposed to the treaty Gets 15 000 virtually every Cherokee living in Cherokee Nation John Ross was going to present petition to House of Representatives but two congressmen got into a fight before he had the chance and never got to present petition Trail of Tears In the spring of 1838 the remaining Cherokee were rounded up at gunpoint and driven into stockades without warning o They remain in stockades until June The long march west began in June The winter of 1838 39 was a particularly cold and snowy one one of the highest recorded ever A quarter of those on the match died along the way When they arrive in Oklahoma the leaders of the Treaty Party were assassinated Jackson s Indian Removal Campaign 1820 1835 100 000 Native Americans removed from their homelands Conclusion The story of Cherokee Removal reminds us that the disappearance of Native people east of the Mississippi was not a natural process it was a process which required deliberate action by federal and state governments
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