Group Checkpoint questions are the parts that I think will appear on the exam A Definition of group Collection 1 of individuals who have relations with one another 2 and make them interdependent to a significant degree 3 Definition will be on the exam B Social facilitation Definition effect of presence of others affects one s performance E g cockroaches solve maze experiment complicated vs simple maze But why social facilitation occurs Reason 1 Evaluation apprehension People s concerns of how they appear in other people s eyes keypoint is whether or not the audience is observing Not required but does enhance social facilitation Mere presence social facilitation Observing audience greater social facilitation effect Reason 2 distraction conflict theory Explains the effects of mere presence on performance Conflict of diverting attention to person or task which creates arousal Nonsocial distraction should lead to effects similar to social facilitation Checkpoint Questions for social facilitation 1 Does the mere presence of others have effects on performance Yes 2 What are the three components of social facilitation Ans the three blue box 3 How does social facilitation work 4 Does social facilitation always improve performance of a person 5 Does the mere presence of people affect on one s performance 6 What are the two reasons that explain why mere presence of others affect 7 What is the implication of conflict distraction theory performance C Social loafing Tendency to exert less effort 1 when working on group tasks in which individual contribution cannot be monitored 2 When does it happen i ii Group is so large and not cohesive 1 that individual cannot be evaluated 2 Task is unimportant or boring 3 that performance of individuals is not important to success 4 iii The group is not accountable for performance 5 Checkpoint question for social loafing 1 Definition of social loafing 2 List 2 3 reasons for social loafing D Groupthink Group discussion that focuses on consensus without adequate scrutiny How to avoid group think i ii iii Consider outside opinion Appoint devil s advocate Leader should Not reveal his opinion at the outset Encourage criticism Act as moderator not director iv Review decision in subgroup Checkpoint question for groupthink 1 Definition of groupthink 2 Explain three reasons for avoiding groupthink Give specific examples 3 Give 3 conditions and symptoms respectively for groupthink E Group polarization Group decisions tend to be more extreme than decisions of individuals Group strengthen the extremity of individual s stance attitude e g become more risky cautious Why that happens Reason 1 persuasive argument Individuals becomes more favor of an alternative that they incline to take in group dynamics because they are exposed to new arguments and use them as tools to When objective standards for self evaluation are not available people judge People tend to think that they are farther out on the correct side of the opinion support their predisposed argument Reason 2 social comparison theory themselves in relations to others distribution on most issues Checkpoint questions for group polarization 1 Definition of group polarization 2 Reasons for group polarization and being able to differentiate them with application question F Deindividualization Loss of individuality Reduction in constraint in deviant behavior Antecent conditions Anonymity Diffusion of responsibility Energizing effect of others Stimulus overload Internal State Deindividualizati on Lessened self observation and self evaluation Lessened concern with evaluations of others Weakening of internal controls lessened concern with shame guilt fear commitment Behavioral effects Impulsivity Irrationality Emotionally Antisocial activity Experiment Halloween trick or treat IV 1 anonymity vs individualized able to be identified DV percentage of transgression whether or not they take more than one candy or 2 alone vs in group even take away money Result than children alone Children that are in group are in general have higher percentage of transgression However if the children are anonymous they are more likely to transgress regardless of the fact that whether or not they are alone or in group Checkpoint questions for deindividualization 1 Definition and implication 2 Experiment of disindividualization 3 Structure of the model