Chapter 4 State of Consciousness 9 25 12 2 05 PM Consciousness Awareness of external events and internal sensations while under a condition of arousal Aware of stimuli when you wake from sleep Awareness The subjective state of reflecting about yourself your thoughts and your experiences A form of metacognition o Metacognition Thinking about thinking Arousal Physiological state of being engaged with the environment Five Levels of Awareness Higher level Consciousness o Controlled Processing in which individuals are actively thinking and alert focused on their tasks and goals o Automatic processing and daydreaming which requires little Lower level Consciousness attention and focus Altered States of Consciousness o Produced by drugs trauma and fatigue Subconscious awareness o Usually occurs when people are asleep and dreaming but also occurs when we are awake Example Blind sight the ability to be aware of movement but not stationary movement No Awareness Not aware o Usually occurs when we are knocked out or anesthetized but may also occur while we are awake Circadian Rhythms How does your body know what time it is Behaviors that synchronize with the 24 hour cycle of the day Biological Clock Brain system that detects the passage of time using internal and external cues and regulates body systems accordingly o Where is your biological clock Hypothalamus more specifically the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus SCN which is part of the hypothalamus that uses input from the eyes to synchronize its rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark zeitgeber time giver light o What happens if you remove the suprachiasmatic nucleus Awake and sleep only in increments o What is a normal sleep pattern Average person 8 hours Young adult 9 10 hours o What are the effects of sleep deprivation Crankiness irritability sleepiness Poor memory Poor performance Poor moral judgments Health costs cycle Travel jet lag Night shift work Pulling an all nighter Insomnia o What happens to our clock when you disrupt your sleep wake o What can we do to reset our clocks 1 Sleep and wakeup at appropriate times 2 Exposure to appropriate light dark cues 3 Melatonin release right before bed time without this your clock would be off Why do we sleep We don t know Theories see o Maybe it is adaptive because our eyes depend on light to o Maybe it is restorative because somehow I am restoring some kind of energy supply Studying Sleep using EEG EOG record activity around the eyes for REM EMG attached to larger muscles to record what they do during sleep Stages of Wakefulness Higher Level Consciousness Alert attentive actively thinking Beta Waves Short small fast Lower Level Consciousness Relaxed but awake daydreaming Alpha Waves slower and larger Stages of Sleep Stage 1 Drowsy sleep easily woken up head nod myoclonic jerks neck muscles completely relax Begin to see theta waves bigger and farther apart Stage 2 Quiet Sleep patterns Decreased muscle activity low sensitivity and irregular EEG Mostly theta waves bigger and farther apart and sleep spindles high frequency burst and k complexes sudden sharpen very sharp wave large wave form Stage 3 and 4 Deep sleep difficult to rouse restorative Delta waves large but very slow and far apart from each other Slow wave sleep Rapid Eye Movement REM Brain pattern similar to those with relaxed wakefulness Desynchronized Alpha and Theta waves Characteristics of REM sleep Rapid Eye Movement EOG Dart back in forth while eyes are Skeletal muscle paralysis EMG Completely silent no muscle movement for the most part paralyzed closed Dreaming Sleeping pattern through out the night pg 129 Sleep Disorders Insomnia Frequent inability to fall asleep waking in the night or waking up too early Stress excitement Sleep apnea Frequent individuals stop breathing while asleep Soft pallet closes so that you can t breath Deprived of deep sleep Sleep Walking Talking Frequent Occurs during any stage of sleep somnambulism Occurs during slow wave sleep Night Terrors Frequent Sudden arousal from sleep accompanied by intense fear and blood curdling screaming o Typically occur in children o NOT nightmares Narcolepsy Rare a REM sleep disorder involving sudden overwhelming urge to sleep Sleep when you feel emotion Cataplexy Rare paralysis that accompanies REM sleep is suddenly activated while person is awake Can t move but awake caused by an emotional response Sleep Paralysis Common the normal paralysis of REM sleep continues after person wakes up REM Behavior Disorder Rare mechanism controlling paralysis during REM sleep fails to work properly Individual will act out their dreams Categories of Sleep Disorders Non specific o Insomnia o Sleep Apnea Slow wave o Sleep Talking o Sleep Walking o Night Terrors REM Sleep o Narcolepsy o Cataplexy o Sleep Paralysis o REM behavior Disorder
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