Lecture 4 Globalization II 01 23 2014 Eastern Hemisphere Southern Asia and Eastern Asia o What factors resulted in the collapse or weakening of the west and south Asian empires o How did the revolutionary upheaval of Europe impact the different regions of Asia o How did Europeans take advantage World Crisis Europe expands and grows because it has embraced superiority o No A unique confluence of events occurred that saw these great Asian powers declining at the same moment the European powers were rising Corruption Pressures of being connected to this great trading system in Europe China is severely weakened o Europe wouldn t have expanded their empires if it wasn t because of the decline of Asian powers Powerful Problems The Ottoman Safavid and Mughal Empires o Ottoman Grown up over the previous centuries Hosted a potential threat to Europe during the 17th and 16th century o Safavid Significant empire Grown up since the 15th hundreds Great palaces and Mosques were built by this empire o Mughal Empire Dominated what is most of India Mix of ethnicities Religiously diverse Different languages All held together by the Mughal emperor Each of these empires have within them a lot of constraints and problems Empire of the Great Qing o Mix of ethnic groups o Qing dynasty embraced confusionist ideals Contrary to many of the empire s people s beliefs Most were Buddhist These were 4 big powers o But the Europeans had an edge in Naval technology Embraced maritime trade early on Spain and Portugal Naval technology grew hand to hand with maritime trade Multiple effects of this advantage in Naval technology in Asia Bad for the Ottoman empire o Trade dried up for the Ottoman s o Big loss of revenue o Provoked a backlash of religious conflict in the Ottoman Arabs Wahhabi movement Ottoman s as blasphemers Spread throughout all of Arabia Promoted a radicalized pure form of Islam Salafi are the descendants of these people 100 Year war with the Ottoman s India o Trade with Europeans is resulting in positive benefits New riches for middle class merchants Boom in the Local Economy But in an ethnically and culturally different region people begin to question the Mughal power o Trade accumulating in Indian starts to provoke different threatening responses for the Mughals Fall of the Safavid Empire o Ruled by weak and corrupt empires and was prone to rebellions o Turned to a brilliant general Nadir Shah Helped defeat all of the rebels in the Safavid empire He declares himself emperor the Shah Military talent can best be put to use to conquer other areas Sacks Delhi Mughal Empire o Mughal Emperor is humiliated and different groups break away from it o Nadir Shah dies Results in a power vacuum Persia Safavid begins to crumble Qing dynasty is experiencing a glorious age o They would trade for silver The only thing they want from Europeans Established one port to trade with Europeans Canton o The Canton System o Qianlong Emperor Helped the Qing empire reach its pinnacle o Wealthy fellow luxury and armor As he grew old he grew less concerned with the day to day problems in the empire Turned to his corrupt empires Corrupt policies because of Corrupt officials Rise in rebellion European Encroachment What does this fall of many Asian powers mean in Europe o Battle of Plessey English defeat the French in India East India Company governs territory Bengal in India Tax and collect revenue Build armies o Expansion of the East Indian Company Provokes concern among Indian states and China Canton System is much more restrictive Free trade is more advantageous for the East India Company British propaganda cartoon McCartney giving his treaty to the Chinese emperor Fat emperor racism Revolutionary Impetus India is the treasure chest of England o Napoleon Seizes Egypt In order to stop the trade between England and India Because of close communication Build a fleet to attack British fleets o Painting depicting Napoleon in Egypt Napoleon rescuing these Egyptians I am your ally o Egypt is a province of the Ottoman Empire More for the Downfall of the Ottoman Empire Inspires some Indians to seek alliance with Revolutionary Impetus Napoleon India is the treasure chest of the British empire they are using money from India to pay for the war against Napoleon o So why take Egypt If you need India o Communitcation hub You can build a fleet in the red sea to harass British ships Inspire the Arabs to join you and take control of the Persian Gulf o Napoleon succeeds in conquering Egypt o Image Napoleon is rescuing the Arabs and he is bringing the enlightenment with him to this part T To win over the Arab people you need get the religious leaders on your side Convinces them that they have similar views o Egypt is a province of the Ottoman Empire Discredits the ottoman Empire when Napoleon conquers it Pisses a lot of people off Inspires some Indians to seek alliance with him o Tipu Sultan makes an agreement with Napoleon Launch an invasion and end up killing Tipu Image Painting depicting the defeat of Tipu Sultan Britain vs Indians sent by the EIC Major blow to the settlement of power in India o The Maratta confederacy begin to conspire against the British o Confederacy made up of many different groups which don t always work together o 1803 ask EIC for protection other Maratta are horrified and launch a final war in which they lose o EIC is the dominant force in India The Mughal Emperor still rules Delhi in India last shred of old power o 1817 1818 Last war of the Maratha Sign treaty with Britain in 1818 War and Drugs to get it EIC most valuable goods come from China but can only trade silver o Cant get silver because Latin America is in the midst of a revolution as well o Desperate situation o They need to find someone to rebalance this trade o Opium is grown in India which China does want 1781 trade Opium with China o legal loophole 1820 1830 o sale of opium skyrockets o in the middle of a rebellion that the Chinese has just out down Tea also grows in India so they don t have to buy tea anymore o Chinese has to trade silver for Opium o They go bankrupt Leads the Chinese government to a terminal decline Stage Set Everything is set for Europeans to take advantage of the situation Industrial revolution helps them out 01 23 2014 01 23 2014