1 Draw cell signaling and transmembrane receptor molecule label 2 A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a binds to a receptor a The receptor molecule b Signal molecule a G protein b Cyclic AMP c Signal molecule d Tyrosine kinase e calmodulin a Protein b Key c Ligand d Initiator e receptor 3 A signal molecule is also known as 4 Which of these is the second of the three stages of cell signaling a Gene activation b Reception c Binding of a neurotransmitter to a plasma membrane receptor d Transduction e Cell response 5 Which of the following provides molecular evidence that signal transduction pathways evolved early in the history of life a The pathways in primitive organisms such as bacteria are short whereas those in advanced forms such as mammals are long b Cell signaling is observed in organisms that do not utilize sexual reproduction c Receptor molecules have been identified in preparations of fossilized organisms billions of years old d The molecular details of cell signaling are quite similar in organisms whose last common ancestor was a billion years ago e Simple forms of life such as prokaryotic cells utilize cell signaling 6 When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway a Endocrine molecule b Relay molecule c Transducer d Signal molecule e receptor 7 Examples of each type of signaling a Long distance b Hormonal c Synaptic d Short distance e Direct contact involves what 3 stages a b 8 The process by which a signal is converted to a specific cellular response c d draw the pathway of cell signaling 9 Cortisol is a steroid hormone that can pass through the plasma membrane complete the flow chart describing the interaction of cortisol with intracellular receptors 5 steps 10 Which of these is associated with G protein coupled receptors receptor tyrosine kinases both types of receptors or neither receptor Interact directly w g proteins a b Binding of signaling molecule forms a dimmer c Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to the receptor d Binding site for signaling molecule is located on the extracellular side of the cell e Receptor is located in the plasma membrane f Binding of the signaling molecule allows ions to flow through a channel in the receptor 11 The steps of histimine binding order them a The receptor changes conformation and binds the G protein b The activated G protein binds to phospholipace c activating the enzyme c Histamine binds the receptor d The G protein becomes inactive and dissociates from the phospholipace c inactivating the enzyme 12 Which is true about the binding of histamine to the histamine H1 receptor select all receptor a Histamine diffuses across the plasma membrane to bind the H1 b Histamine binds extracellularly to the H1 receptor c When histamine binds to the H1 receptor the receptor undergoes a comformation change and binds the inactive G protein d Histamine binds intracellularly to the inactive G protein activating the e Once the g protein is active it binds to the enzyme phospholipace C f Histamine is likely hydrophillic 13 Draw out the process of G coupled receptor 14 Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor 15 A n is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and thereby cause a gene to be turned on or off 16 What makes steroids diffuse through the membrane but not peptides G protein activating it a Estrogen b Glucose c Cellulose d Glycerol e starch a Protein b Steroid c Carbohydrate d Nucleic acid e ion 17 Thyroid hormones bind to receptors a Steroid b Tyrosine kinase c Plasma membrane ion channel Intracellular d e G protein linked 18 What does the term ligand refer to in cell biology a The change in shape that occurs when a signaling molecule binds to its b The target cell of a signal molecule c The bond that forms between a signaling molecule and it s receptor d A molecule that can occupy a receptor site while not activating the receptor receptor e Any small molecule that can bind in a specific manner to a larger one 19 Testosterone functions inside a cell by a Acting as a signal receptor that activates tyrosine kinases b Binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates c Acting as a steroid signal receptor that activates ion channel proteins d Coordinating a phosphorylation cascade that increases specific genes spermatogenesis e Become a second messanger that inhibits nitric oxide 20 If an animal cell suddenly lost the ability to produce GTP What might happen to its signaling system a b c d e It would be able to carry out reception and transduction but it would not be able to respond to a signal It would use ATP instead of GTP to activate and inactivate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane It would employ a transduction pathway directly from an external messanger It would not be able to activate and inactivate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane It would activate only the epinephrine system 21 When protein membrane receptors are activated what usually happens a A change occurs on only one membrane surface exterior or interior b A change occurs in intracellular ion concentration c The receptors open and close in response to protein signals d The receptors preferentially bind with lipid or glycolipid signal molecules polypeptides e The receptor changes conformation after binding with the signal 22 Draw a basic signal transduction pathway a Label the second messanger 23 What initiates the signal transduction pathway 24 What role does a transcription factor play in a signal transduction pathway a By binding to a plasma membrane receptor it initiates a cascade It relays a signal from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane b It activates relay proteins c d By binding to DNA it triggers the transcription of a specific gene It is a plasma membrane protein that binds signal molecules e 25 A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a binds to a receptor 27 Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in 28 catalyzes the production of which then opens an ion channel that 26 Which of these acts as a second messenger a G protein b Tyrosine kinase c Calmodulin d Signal molecule e Cyclic AMP a Cyclic AMP b Protein kinase c G protein d Adenylyl kinase e G protein linked receptor a Peroxisomes b Chloroplasts c Mitochondria d Lysosomes