Intro To Biology Final Review Study Guide Teacher Steve Smith Class RNR 170C 1 Define biology 2 List the characteristics of life and determine if each are abiotic or biotic 3 Describe and identify the levels of biological organization form molecules to the biosphere 4 Define and identify emergent properties 5 Are viruses alive 6 If you eat a hamburger ground up beef muscle which levels or organization are represented in this muscle 7 What is the first level of hierarchal organization that possesses the emergent property of life 8 Does a virus meet the definition of a cell 9 Define homeostasis and explain its role in maintaining life 10 Define energy and matter Give examples of each 11 Compare contrast the way energy and matter move through living systems 12 Outline the process of reproduction and growth 13 Define evolution 14 Describe the process of natural selection 15 True false Energy flows through life on a 1 way trip 16 State the definition of science 17 Describe the basic structure of an atom 18 Distinguish between atoms and elements 19 Define 3 subatomic particles charge and where they reside in the atom 20 Describe how there are different isotopes of the same element 21 Describe chemical bonding and electrons role 22 What are ionic bonds Covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds 23 Weak chemical bonds that form between polar molecules are 24 What bond is disrupted in the presence of water 25 NaCl is what type of bond 26 A double covalent bond is the sharing of a total of how many electrons 27 What are the 4 properties of water 28 Define pH 29 Are polar molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic 30 List 4 major categories of organic matter 31 Identify the reason organic molecules are diverse and durable 32 List 4 major categories of biological macromolecules and their monomers 33 True false Carbohydrates are hydrophilic and have the general CH2O form 34 What carbon characteristics make it a good backbone for creating diverse and durable molecules 35 Which polysaccharide is most similar to chitin 36 Describe the health risks associated with trans fats 37 Compare contrast saturated and unsaturated fatty acids 38 Explain the characteristics of a lipid 39 Describe how phospholipids respond when immersed in water 40 Identify the function of steroids 41 How many glycerols are in a triglyceride 42 What cell structure is made mostly of phospholipids 43 As an organism gets larger it passes through the life cycle This is an 44 On the surface of the eye is a transparent and flexible covering called the cornea This structure would be best classified as a 45 True false A core concept of evolution is that life on Earth shares a common example of ancestor 46 True false Water molecules in water have more H bonds than those in ice 47 Which carbohydrate is produced by plants primarily for energy storage 48 What is the difference between proteins and enzymes 49 Describe the structural changes that occur during protein denaturation 50 What are some consequences of enzyme malfunction 51 Where do peptide bonds form 52 Describe the structure of a generic nucleotide 53 What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines 54 What is the structure and function of ATP 55 Which of the following is used for long term energy storage a proteins b lipids c carbohydrates d nucleic acids 56 Why do enzymes work poorly at below optimum temperature 57 Compare contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 58 Compare contrast animal and plant cells 59 Describe 2 properties of phospholipid membranes 60 Why is fluidity an essential property of biological membranes 61 What are the functions of the plasma membrane 62 List the functions of membrane proteins 63 What is the difference between the cell membranes of archaens and those of 64 What component of the plasma membrane has the widest variety of other cells functions 65 How does the selective permeability of the membrane help the cell 66 True false Water can pass through the plasma membrane without assistance from embedded proteins 67 Define diffusion 68 Compare contrast active and passive transport proteins 69 Define facilitated diffusion and describe the role of the channels pores 70 What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis 71 True false Active transport is also called facilitated diffusion 72 Which macromolecule is least likely to be found as a component of the cell membrane 73 What is the role of cholesterol in the membrane 74 A set of erythrocytes is places in a beaker of 9 NaCl The internal solute concentration of erythrocytes is 0 9 What will happen to the cells 75 Compare contrast photosynthesis cellular respiration and fermentation 76 Describe the flow of energy in biological systems 77 Define energy 78 Why does the hydrolysis of ATP release energy to accomplish cellular work 79 How does ATP transfer energy from catabolic to anabolic pathways 80 Which of the following is an example of potential energy A Heat B Light C Chemical Energy D All of the above 81 True false Animals create energy by converting glucose to ATP during cellular respiration 82 What are 3 organisms capable of photosynthesis 83 In which eukaryotic compartments does photosynthesis take place 84 What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis 85 What are the roles of chlorophyll and chloroplasts in photosynthesis 86 What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration 87 True false Cyanobacteria can carry out photosynthesis 88 True false Respiration is anabolic because it builds CO2 89 What is the calculated net amount of ATP produced from 1 glucose molecule during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes 90 Which is an anabolic pathway A cellular respiration B photosynthesis C fermentation D all of the above 91 What is the connection between a person s genes and metabolism 92 True false Photosynthesis is inhibited by excess glucose concentration 93 What are the differences between somatic cells and gametes 94 What is the role of chromatids and the chromosome s centromere in cellular 95 Why are somatic cells and gametes produced using different cell replication replication processes 96 If a diploid cell has 20 chromosomes how many would be found in a germ cell within the same organism 97 True false Tightly wound DNA around histone proteins is easiest to divide 98 During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated 99 If a germ cell has 46 chromosomes how many chromosomes will you find in 100 Which is the largest A proton B neutron C protein D atom E the daughter cells after meiosis