POLICE The Police Mission Enforce the law Apprehending offenders Preventing Crime Predicting Crime Preserving the Peace Providing Services Policing Today Fed Agencies Law enforcement officers authorizes to perform any of the following Conduct criminal investigations Execute search warrants cid 127 Make arrests Carry firearms US has the most complex police system Background of the FBI History of the FBI spans more than 100 years Began in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation 13 000 special agents assigned to 56 field offices and 400 satellite offices 14 septs with investigative branches and 28 others Also operates attach offices in a number of major cities around the world cid 127 Operates the Combined DNA Index System CODIS Forensic database of DNA profiles of offenders State Agencies Centralized model The tasks of major criminal investigations are combined with the patrol of state highways started with Texas Rangers Centralized state police agencies generally Assist local law enforcement in investigations cid 127 Majority of agencies employ fewer than 10 full time officers Sheriffs are the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency Decentralized model draws a clear distinction between traffic enforecements on state highways and other state level law enforcements A multiagency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting sharing and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence A way for all the different levels of policing to work together Independent or proprietary commercial organizations that provides protective services to employers on a contractual basis International Criminal Police Organization Interpol International law enforcement organizations that began operations in 1946 Fusion Centers 2008 A new concept in policing Private Protective Services 182 member nations today European Police Office Europol cid 127 Maastricht Treaty 1992 Intergrated police intelligence gathering and information dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union cid 127 Works with Interpol on inter nations terrorism drug trafficking and human trafficking Line operations field or supervisory activities directly related to daily police work Staff operations Provide support for line operations Police are set up quasi military cid 127 Organizations with line operations only Authority flows from top down No supporting elements All line operations are involved in providing field services cid 127 Only the smallest departments have only line operations cid 127 Most police agencies include both line and staff operations Chain of Command line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization from the highest to the lowest Unity of Command Every individual officer has only one supervisor Span of Control The number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer The Political Era The Reform Era The Community Policing Era The New Era cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 1840s 1930s 1930s 1970s 1970s Today 2001 Today cid 127 Watchman Style Primarily concerned with order maintenance Control illegal and disruptive behavior Considerable use of discretion Characteristic of lower class communities Characteristic of political era This style is looked down upon Legalistic Style Enforce the letter of the law Characteristic of reform era Service Style cid 127 Meets the needs of the community Police see themselves as helpers Common today Exists more in higher income communities Team Policing Routinely avoid community disputes arising from violations of social norms that do not break the law Hands off approach to behaviors that are bothersome cid 127 More likely to refer citizens to community resources than other types of agencies The reorganization of conventional patrol strategies into an integrated and versatile police team assigned to a fixed district cid 127 Was experimented with during the 60s and 70s cid 127 Officers given considerable authority in processing complaints from receipt through resolution A technique to d livre total police services to a neighborhood Strategic Policing Problem Oriented Traditional in the sense that it focuses on popular crimes Looks at social conditions and help people Ex tell a low income community about jobs and gov assistance Community Policing Partnership between the police and the community Have community based prevention programs Police are doing things in community when not on emergency calls Have increased accountability to the public Decentralizing the command involving civilians Scientific Police Management NIJ BJS NCJRS Kansas City Police Experiment The 1st large scale scientific study of law enforcement practices Focused on the practice of preventive patrol Divided the patrol zones into proactive reactive and control No significant differences in crime rate or citizen fear of crime cid 127 Greatly affected the assumptions about preventive patrol The start of the scientific study of policing Designed to protect citizens against abuses of police power U S Constitution U S Supreme Court 1960s Chief Justice Earl Warren Strict procedural requirements cid 127 Miranda vs Arizona 1966 Accelerated the process of guaranteeing individual rights After the Warren Court the Supreme Court became more conservative Recognized the need to ensure public safety John G Roberts Chief Justice of Supreme Court first opinion assignment due in class on tuesday no more than one pg 1 inch margins 12 pt font double spaced Top only your name Why did you pick Criminal Justice Criminology as your major or minor cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 5 men and 3 women 4th amendment right against unreadable searches and seizures probable cause 6th speedy trial jury trial know the