Ch 12 Psychological Disorders 11 29 12 2 10 PM Abnormality Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress causes them to harm themselves or others or interferes with their ability to function in daily life Four Characteristics of Abnormality Statistically Rare Deviance from Social Norms Personal Distress Interference with Normal Functioning About 22 of adults suffer from mental disorder per year About 44 million people in the U S Four out of the top 10 causes of disability in the U S is from Psychological Disorders Most prevalent of Psychological disorders is depression Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM IV TR Contains each known disorder a description symptoms checklist of criteria and other relevant facts Divided into five parts Axes DSM IV TR Axes Axis I Clinical disorders Axis II Personality disorders and Mental Retardation Axis III General Medical conditions Axis IV Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Rosenhan Study Pseudo patients could not be distinguished from regular patients Behaviors were viewed as abnormal because of contextual bias Models of Abnormality Approach to studying abnormal behavior Biological Models Psychological disorders have a biological cause Also Biological Models Psychological Models known as the medical model Psychological Models Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Cognitive perspective Combination approaches Psychoanalysis Behavioral abnormality is the result of repressing undesirable thoughts memories and concerns Behaviorism Abnormal behaviors are learned through a series of rewards Cognitive perspective Abnormal behavior results from illogical thinking and punishments patterns Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders Unrealistic or excessive anxiety Sometimes can be tied to something specific fear but other time it cannot free floating anxiety Types of Anxiety Disorders Phobias Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Panic disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Post traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Phobias Irrational fear that causes undue personal distress and or interferes with normal functioning Social Phobias Fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation Specific Phobias Fear of something in particular Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Obsessions Intruding thoughts that occur again and again Compulsions Ritualistic behavior that reduces anxiety Panic Disorder Sudden onset of extreme panic impending sense of doom Symptoms Racing heart rate Rapid breathing Out of body experience Sweating Dry mouth Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for at least six months that interferes with normal functioning and causes personal distress Can often lead to depression and other disorders Post traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event oppressive situation abuse or disaster Characteristics of PTSD Flashbacks Emotionally avoidant Desensitization Exaggerated startle response Difficulty concentrating Apprehensive and nervous Impulsive outbursts sometimes aggressive Question Answer Question Answer Not everyone develops PTSD after a traumatic event Why is that Some people may have a biological predisposition to develop PTSD after trauma What causes anxiety disorders There are probably many causes of anxiety disorders Psychologists approach anxiety disorders using the model of their choice Psychoanalytic Approach Anxiety disorders are the result of repressed feelings and thoughts Behavioral Approach Anxiety disorders are learned over time Anxiety disorders are the result of illogical irrational thinking Cognitive Approach patterns Cognitive Approach Magnification Anxiety disorders are the result of illogical irrational thinking patterns Exaggeration of events ideas feelings All or nothing thinking Must be perfect or it s completely ruined Overgeneralization Single negative event interpreted as a pattern Minimization only look at the bad minimizing the positive
View Full Document
Unlocking...