Chapter 5 Lecture and Reading Note taking Template Fill in this outline in lecture then use your textbook to add to it Notes from just the lecture are not enough to do well in this class 1 What are the two main components of Membrane Structure a b c What does the term fluid mosaic refer to Fluid mosaic model has proteins embedded in fluid lipid bilayer 2 What are the 4 component groups of cellular membranes What characteristics of function does each give to the membrane a Phospholipid bilayer b Transmembrane proteins intergral c d Cell Surface Markers Interior protein network peripheral 3 What are the three components of a phospholipid a 3 carbon alcohol non polar and hydrophobic polar and hydrophilic a b c d Draw and label a phospholipid with its three structures 4 Draw and label a membrane as in Figure 5 3 5 When phospholipids are placed in water like in the cell they spontaneously form bilayers What types of bonds holds the two bilayers together Polar hydrophilic heads and non polar hydrophobic tails Hydrogen bonds Nonpolar interior impedes the passage 6 Do the proteins move or are they anchored in the membrane Phospholipids and unanchored proteins can move through the membrane 7 What factors influence membrane fluidity Explain each of these Membrane fluidity can change based on composition and temperature Saturated fatty acids make membrane less fluid than unsaturated fatty acids Cholesterol can either increase or decrease membrane fluidity depending on the temperature a Membrane composition i Why do saturated fatty acids make membrane less fluid ii What influence does cholesterol have on membranes iii What influence do warm temperatures have on membrane fluidity Cold 8 What are the 6 key classes of membrane proteins and the general function of each Fig 5 6 Various functions Transports enzymes cell surface receptors Cell surface identity markers cell to cell adhesion proteins attachments to the cytoskeleton 9 How do structural features of membrane proteins relate to function Chapter 5 Lecture and Reading Note taking Template Diverse functions arise from the diverse structures of membrane proteins Have common structural features related to their role 10 Explain how proteins interact with the membrane Anchoring molecules are modified lipids with nonpolar regions and domains linked to proteins a Integral transmembrane Integral membrane proteins have at least one transmembrane domain that spans the lipid bilayer i How does the chemistry of pores transmembrane proteins provide their function Nonpolar regions within a transmembrane protein can create a pore Interior is polar and allows water and small polar molecules to pass 11 Intro to Passive Transport across membranes Define No energy required Molecules move due to a concentration gradient Diffusion is movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration Barrier Hydrophobic interior that repels polar molecules Nonpolar molecules move until the concentration is equal Limited permeability to small polar molecules Very limited permeability a passive transport b diffusion c facilitated diffusion Channel proteins Carrier proteins Membrane is selectively permable d What is meant by the membrane is selectively permeable e How easily do each of the following move across the membrane i Nonpolar molecules ii Small polar molecules iii Large polar molecules and ions i What are channel proteins ii Carrier proteins f How do molecules with limited permeability move across the membrane 12 Osmosis is a special type of diffusion Define a Osmosis net diffusion of water across a membrane toward a higher solute concentration i Cytoplasm of the cell is an aqueous solution 1 Water is solvent 2 Dissolved substances are solutes b Solvent c Solute d Hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration e Hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration Isotonic solution have the same osmotic concentration f Chapter 5 Lecture and Reading Note taking Template g Use these diagrams to better understand the terminology of osmosis The small circle represents the solute From the diagram labeled Top examine solutions A E and characterize solution A Solution A is hypertonic to solutions Solution A is hypotonic to solutions Solution A is isotonic to solutions In the Bottom predict which direction the water will move Also label each solution as either hypo hyper or isotonic h How do organisms maintain osmotic balance Elaborate on these 3 ways i Extrusions contractile vacuoles acts like a pump and pumps water out ii Isosmotic regulation Marine organisms adjust internal concentration to match sea water Terrestrial animals circulate isotonic fluid iii Turgor pressure central vacuole plant cells and cell walls 13 Define active transport and provide examples The cell uses energy to carry out reactions Requires ATP move substances from high to low concentration a Briefly describe the sodium potassium pump use 5 13 caption or end of chapter summary for level of detail i Animals cells have low conc Of Na and high external conc Of K ii Maintain this pump moves Na and K against their conc Gradient iii ATP energy used to change the conformation of carrier protein b Briefly describe coupled transport use 5 13 caption or end of chapter summary for level of detail i Uses ATP indirectly ii Glucose Na transporter captures the energy from Na diffusion to move glucose against a conc Gradient iii Co transports Na and glucose for appropriate level of detail c Define bulk transport endocytosis and exocytosis again see end of chapter summary Moving large amounts of products through the lipid membrane is problematic Endocytosis moving things into the cell Chapter 5 Lecture and Reading Note taking Template Exocytosis moving things out of the cell Receptor mediated endocytosis When water is the solvent the water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration