Mkane13 kent edu Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 4 8 11 Chapter 4 States of Consciousness state of Consciousness of external events and internal sensations while under a o Awareness the of reflecting about yourself your thoughts and your Is a form of thinking about thinking o physiological state of being engaged with the environment Levels of Awareness o Consciousness controlled processing in which individuals are actively thinking and are alert and on tasks and goals Examples o Lower Level Consciousness and daydreaming which requires little attention and focus Examples o States of Consciousness produced by trauma and Examples o Subconscious Awareness occurs when people are and sometimes when we are awake Examples cannot see anything unless it is moving and corpus callosum is cut severed o occurs when knocked out or anesthetized Examples unconscious surgery blacked out behaviors that synchronize with the hour cycle of the day Examples sleep wake cycle body temp blood pressure blood sugar level o Biological Clock brain system that detects the passage of time using and cues and regulates body system accordingly Where is your biological clock uses input from the eyes to synchronize its rhythms with the daily cycle of and o It s the SUPER hero that tells TIME using LIGHT What happens if you remove the suprachiasmatic nucleus Normal Sleep Pattern for Adult hours Normal Sleep Pattern for Young Adults hours o Effects of Sleep Deprivation Cranky irritable sleepy poor poor poor and health costs o What happens when we disrupt our sleep wake cycle Travel Jet Lag working the night shift pulling all nighters insomnia o How can we reset our clocks Mkane13 kent edu 1 and at appropriate times 2 Exposure to appropriate and cues 3 Melatonin chemical in brain makes you sleepy Sleep o Studying Sleep EEG measures in brain EOG measures movement in muscles around the EMG measures movement in and to show that we are in REM sleep due to paralyzed o Stages of WAKEFULNESS Higher Level Consciousness Alert actively waves close together and short Level Consciousness relaxed but awake waves a little bigger and farther apart than Beta waves o Stages of SLEEP Stage 1 sleep easily woken Jerks falling dream and body jerks to wake up Theta Waves bigger and farther apart than alpha sleep waves Stage 2 sleep decreased activity irregular EEG Sleep sudden burst of high frequency waves K Complex Stage 3 4 Deep sleep difficult to rouse Delta Waves slow waves big and wide and occur in these stages REM Eye brain pattern similar to lower level consciousness not a stage of sleep more of a type of sleep Desynchronized and waves Characteristics of REM Sleep 1 Rapid Eye Movement 2 Skeletal muscle paralysis 3 Always Dreaming Sleep Disorders o inability to fall asleep stay asleep or waking too early o Sleep Apnea individuals stop while asleep o Sleep Walking and Talking somnambulism occurs during sleep Happens mostly in o sudden arousal from sleep accompanied by intense fear and Typically happens in children NOT Example Twilight New Moon she screams every night and her dad has to wake her up o Narcolepsy a sleep disorder involving sudden overwhelming urge to Mkane13 kent edu o paralysis that accompanies sleep is suddenly turned on while person is awake Example fainting goats youtube it o Sleep Paralysis normal paralysis of sleep continues after person o Behavior Disorder mechanism controlling during REM sleep fails to work so you act out your Chapter 8 Human Development Human Development pattern of and in human capabilities that occurs throughout the o Developmental Psychologists Study things that are true for everyone all humans go through these things example puberty Individual Variation things that happen to you that make your development Issues in Developmental Psychology 1 Nature vs how much do our genes we inherited effect our development vs how much does our effect our development Example adoptions 2 vs Stability do our personal characteristics change as we age vs do our characteristics stay the as we age Example if we are a quiet child does that mean we are quiet as an adult 3 Stages vs do we see behavior change in discrete as we age vs do we see behavior change in a gradual continuum Two Developmental Research Designs 1 Design several different age groups are studied at Advantages Disadvantages less powerful effects Cohort 2 Longitudinal Design one group of participants are studied over a of time Advantages more powerful no Disadvantages attrition Attrition dropping out or leaving a study Prenatal Development development of infant beginning with and ending with 3 Stages of Prenatal Period first 2 weeks after conception Massive Ends with into uterine wall Baby is called a zygote Embryonic Period weeks 3 8 after conception Massive cell Nutrients through the which works as a filter Mkane13 kent edu Baby is called an Period months 3 9 after conception Massive cell Full term is at weeks Baby is called a any agent that can cause a birth defect Critical Periods time when developing organs are most to birth defects period is the most susceptible Fetal Spectrum Disorders FASD a cluster of problems that appear in children of mothers who heavily during pregnancy Human Child Development Physical Development Socioemotional Development Development thinking and remembering Physical Development Human infants are mostly at They survive because 1 2 Come with survival skills called Reflexes genetically wired responses Development gradual development of muscle control balance and 1 Rooting 2 3 Toe Curling 4 5 Galant 6 Motor Milestones 1 Raise Head 2 3 4 Sitting up 5 Crawling 6 of sensory information The Best The Worst Perceptual Development gradual development of the and the Why is this this worst Babies interpret what they see by Examples of how they interpret Mkane13 kent edu o Effects of Enriched keep using senses and they will develop o Visual Cliff Experiments Ability to see depth o Learning Ability to perceive an object as being regardless of its distance away Cognitive Development development of and as we age o Jean Theories skills and behaviors that allow children to interact with objects and others Assimilation incorporating info into an schema changing a schema to info 4 Stages of Cognitive Development 1 birth to 2 years o Infants construct an understanding of the world through experiences and activities o Hallmarks and gaining pleasure through senses and motor actions What is Conservation 2 Preoperational 2 years What is
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