Exam 2 Thursday 3 6 in class The exam will consist of 25 multiple choice questions 2 pts each 50 pts 15 points short answer 10 points short essays Total 75 points Pay close attention to recommendations regarding research methodology or the pros and cons of various approaches discussed in class This is what you need to know for the exam 2 11 14 2 11 14 Henrich Heine Norenzayan 2010 know what WEIRD stands for and the central point of this article Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic WEIRD societies are actually some of the most psychologically unusual people on this Earth The participants of research studies are often WEIRD but most people are not WEIRD WEIRD applies to other WEIRD people but not the world o The entire set of individuals or other entities i e families schools that study findings are to be i e If you are studying the effects of divorce on low income families your population is low income families o Subset of a population that is used to study the entire population The individuals or other entities actually being studied Someone can be part of a population and not in a sample Be able to define the following terms Population generalized Sample Sample generalizability drawn o When findings based on a sample can be applied to the larger population from which the sample was i e if you are studying OSU students and take a sample can the results be used to make sense of all OSU students Cross population generalizability o When information from one study can be applied to other populations i e if you are studying OSU students and take a sample of them can the results be used to describe all college students not just at OSU o The population to which the researcher would like to generalize study findings A set of elements larger than or different from the actual population sampled o Research information obtained from the whole population Target population Census Representative sample relevant to the study o A sample that is very similar close to the population the sample is coming from in all aspects that are Know what makes obtaining a representative sample easier It is more likely that are larger sample is representative Homogenous population that s very similar populations are easier Random Sampling Understand random sampling know the role of the sampling frame in random sampling Cases individuals families etc are only selected on the basis of chance o So more representative Must know population sampling frame o A list of all elements in the population Poor response rates make sample nonrandom and thus nonrepresentative Not always feasible Be able to define and provide examples of the following types of random sampling Simple random sampling o Every sample selected is purely on chance I e Coin flip lottery excel random digit dialing Systematic Random Sampling o The first element is selected from a list then every nth element o Cannot do if there is an order Randomized or alphabetical good I e alphabetical list start with first name and then pick every 20th name Cluster sampling o Random samples of clusters drawn o Random sample of elements within each selected cluster is drawn I e kids in 3rd grade classrooms sample random classrooms then sample per room Understand stratified random sampling proportionate and disproportionate To make sure that various groups are included in your sample o I e by chance there may be no native Americans in sample but there are in your population in stratified random sampling you make sure that does not happen Proportionate o Random sampling in direct proportion to groups in the population If 5 of OSU students are nontraditional you make sure there are 5 nontraditional students in your sample too Disproportionate o Proportion of each group does not match the population If you want to compare traditional to nontraditional use traditional and nontraditional This is better when wanting to compare If you are a visual learner there is a good example using pie charts in the lecture slides