What is Cognition Thinking Manipulating and transforming into a memory All mental activities associated with knowing remembering deciding attending solving judging and communicating Cognitive psychologists Common theme in trouble Automatic vs Controlled processing Conservation of recourses and energy shortcuts often help but can get us Automatic Reflexive uncontrolled rapid intuitive often experienced eased Controlled Conscious deliberate effortful analytical Mental Images What are they and how do they help Internal picture like representation of things or events etc How help often faster more efficient than verbal EX mental maps helps find things Concepts What are they and how do they help Categories Ideas that represent a group of similar objects events ideas or people How help efficient helps deal with new data prototype Typical example chair 4 legs etc The more similar the new information is to the prototype the easier it is to deal with it Problem Solving Intelligence What is intelligence Cannot be measured directly Reflects the ability to understand the world acquire knowledge and to adapt to new situations solve problems Intelligence over the years What do these theories theorists have to say about intelligence 1 Spearman General intelligence g factor ability to reason and solve problems general intelligence Specific intelligences s factors ability to excel in certain areas specific intelligences 2 Cattell and Horn 1963 1997 Intelligence consists of 2 major dimensions Crystallized Accumulated knowledge verbal skills strategies school info Fluid Ability to problem solve see relationships and reason abstractly Changes over time Gardner multiple intelligences Felt traditional IQ too narrow At least 9 different kinds of intelligence Like Spearman with out the g 4 Sternberg triarchic theory of intelligence A Analytic Intelligence Ability to break problems into parts to solve traditional B Creative Intelligence Combine ideas in new ways to solve problems Verbal linguistic Musical Logical mathematical visual spatial Movement Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist Existentialist Can t other clusters of meaningful skills emotional intelligence creativity etc What is IQ intelligence quotient A score that indicates how well you did on that particular intelligence test compared to others your age Best guess of what represents problem solving skills How is it measured Test people of different ages on questions assumed to tap intelligence Raw scores right converted to IQ using formulas Tells how well you did for your age C Practical Intelligence social skills and common sense Everybody is partially right Can t deny g Understanding IQ scores 100 average 100 above average 100 below average What does it mean if a test is reliable gives the same results overtime consistent What does it mean if a test is valid measures what you want meaningful accurate If you are valid you have to be reliable If you are reliable you may or may not be valid
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