JLMC 342 Exam 1 Study Guide How we see Types of visual communication o Typography o Drawings o Signs o Graphic Designs o Photography o Videography What is sensing o Letting enough light into your eyes to allow you to notice objects What is selecting around you o No mental processing at this point o There s something there kind of feeling o Focus on a specific part of a scene o Engages higher level of brain functioning o Classification of objects begin Is this harmful Known Helpful What is perceiving o Makes sense of what you selected o Imparting meaning to what you see o Determining whether your selection fits the context What is seeing o SENSING SELECTING PERCIEVING SEEING Other Importance o People Remember o 10 of what the hear o 30 of what they read o 80 of what they see and do Eye o It s like a camera o Rods Majority of light receptors are rods Handle Low light more sensitive than cones Low Resolution Primarily responsible for sensing motion o Cones Do more work than rods Active in well lit situations Very high resolution Responsible for seeing color and details Optical Illusions o Called visual illusions Literal Illusions create images different from the objects that Physiological Illusions result from the effects on the eye due make them to excessive stimulation Cognitive Illusions result from assumptions about the world Lead to unconscious inferences Isometric Illusion cannot determine a definite vantage point is that an inside or outside corner Motion Illusion appearance of movement even though it s a static image Visual cues RGB vs CMYK o RGB Optic Color RGB Red Green Blue Mixing these colors is additive they reflect light TV Screens and Computer Monitors o CMYK Material Color Y CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow Black is added for definition CMYK has a smaller gamut so colors tend to appear more muted and sedate Paint and Printing presses Gamuts o A gamut is a any color range Methods of distinguishing color o Our eyes are very sensitive to color o Background colors impact our perception of color o Objective Method Very Scientific Based off the locations of each color s wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum Can also be measure by each color s unique temperature Most accurate o Subjective Method Based on personal associations and emotion Often Symbolic White Purity Green nature Blue peaceful Yellow happiness Most common o Comparative Method Should only be used to estimate what a color might look like Colors are compared to objects Relies on each person s perception of a color Least Accurate Forms o Three types of forms immediately recognized by the brain Dots Can be used to create interest or tension A single dot can be used for emphasis a multitude can Simplest Form be used to create an image Depth cues 8 o Space o Size Lines Simply put lines direct our attention They convey dimension and perspective Shapes Parallelograms o 4 sides o Opposite sides parallel and equal in length Circle Triangles o Attention getters o Symbolize time eternity not start or end point o Dynamic and active o Convey direction but create tension encourage the viewer to follow The amount of space in a scene gives a feeling of depth Knowing the actual size can assist with depth perception There is no illusion of depth if all objects are viewed as the same size o Color o Lighting o Textural gradients viewer Warm colors appear closer Light tones or dark tones seem closer than neutrals Lighting can separate an object from the background A given texture will change based on its distance from the Textures that are further away may appear tighter or lighter giving the impression of distance Deals with the layering of objects on a page to call attention to o Interposition the main element o Time helps determine depth o Perspective The amount of time we spend looking at a particular element Combination of mental processing and learned behavior Geometrical Perspective Placing the main subject higher and creating it larger to imply that it is in the foreground Conceptual Perspective Multi view seeing multiple Social most important aspect of an image is larger centrally located or separated from other elements o Movement Recognizing movement is key to primitive survival Four types of movement Real object Apparent o Actual movement of another person animal or o Does not occur in mediated images o Most common type of movement in film o A series of still images are flipped through quickly to simulate movement Graphic Implied o The motion of the eye as it scans a field of view o The way a designer positions elements to guide a viewer through a layout o Perceived movement in a still image o Many optical illusions rely on implied movement Visual theories Sensory Gestalt Constructivism Perceptual Semiotics Cognitive Sensory Sensual Theory what something looks like o Gestalt Defines the object o Constructivism Defines the context o Cover both what we notice and what we miss o Based on visual stimuli not to be taken literally Perceptual Theory what something is o Semiotics Identifying signs o Cognitive applying knowledge and experience to determine meaning o Content Driven o Stress human uniqueness o Mental processing at play What is Gestalt o When your first impression of a design is positive when you instinctively see the design as being good its likely because one or more gestalt principles is at play o Loosely translated as form or shape o Does not consider how the brain interprets objects o The whole is different from the sum of its parts Gestalt principles 6 o Proximity Objects near each other are related more readily than those that are separated Creates both positive and negative space Visual Depth Cue Objects that look similar will automatically be grouped o Similarity together o Pragnanz Figure Ground Object forming capability of our senses The simplest and most stable interpretations are favored o Symmetry o Common Fate Evenly balanced weight Symmetry can be obtained by an equal balance of content and whitespace Refers to visual directional lines within a design or layout both overt and implied Draws attention toward or away from a graphic element Variation creates a tension we re not sure what to look at o Continuation Closure Smooth movement across a visual line Mentally continuing a broken or blocked line in order to What is Constructivism achieve graphic closure o Gestalt defines the object constructivism defines the context o Area of sharpest focus is very small o Uses points in an image along with short