1. ____Lamark___________ believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 2. Based on certain osteological characteristics found in fossils, researchers concluded that the earliest whales:a. Evolved from a hippo-like artiodactyl ancestor.3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:a. are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammalsb. were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and whalesc. are homologous traitsd. all of the above are correct4. A _monophyletic_ group is comprised of an organism or species, real or hypothesized, and all of its descendants.5. A _paraphyletic_ group is comprised of an organism or species, real or hypothesized,and NOT all of its descendants.6. Darwin and Wallace realized that individuals compete to survive and reproduce by reading a book from the following author:a. Thomas Malthus7. Which of the following is not a synapomorphy of the Chordata. a. the presence of dactylus feet8. Computed Axial Tomography works by: a. Taking a series of high resolution x-rays along the axis of the specimen then using a computer to merge them back together.9. Biomarkers are: a) Molecular evidence of life including molecules such as lipids, isotopic ratios or even fragments of DNA.10. Which of the following is true regarding the Burgess Shale from the Canadian Rockies:a. It is a Lagerstätte deposit. b. Its Cambrian-aged fossils include early representatives of many living lineages.c. It is millions of years older than the Ediacaran fauna.d. All of the above are true. e. Both (a) and (b) are true. 11. The wings of a fly, a bird, and a bat:a. are similar because of convergent evolution.12. The bones in the wings of a birds and a bat:a. are similar because they are homologous structures.13. A change in the timing of gene expression is called:a. Heterochrony14. A _cladogram/phylogenetic tree_ is a tree diagram, derived by cladistic analysis, representing phylogenetic relationships among taxa.15. The authors of your book do not use the term Prokaryotes because:a. They believe that Archaea are more closely related to Eurkaryotes and therefore Prokaryotes are paraphyletic.16. According to your text, life first began _3.45-3.7 billion_ years ago. 17. A _keiromone_____ is a substance produced by on organism that affects the phenotype of another organism.18. All eukaryotes contain mitochondria or are evolved from a group that contained mitochondria. Which of the following statements is true:a. Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that were incorporated into a eukaryotic ancestor.19. Tiktaalik differed from previously know fossil fishes such as Eusthenopteron because:a. Tiktaalik had a true neck and Eusthenopteron didn’t.b. Tiktaalik was a tetrapod and Eusthenopteron wasn’t.c. Tiktaalik had flexible wrists and Eusthenopteron didn’t.d. Both a and b are true.e. Both a and c are true20. Proteins are composed of chains of _amino acids_________ linked end-to-end. 21. _phenotypic plasiticity/polyphenism_ is defined as differences in the phenotype caused by differences in the environment. 22. This type of RNA molecule is produced by transcription, and it serves as the templatestrand for the construction of a protein: _mRNA_________23. In DNA Guanine only attaches to _cytosine__________, and Cytosine only attaches to _guanine_____________.24. An average human has approximately 20,000 protein coding genes. A typical gene has between: a. between 20,000 and 2.3 million base pairs.25. The term “ploidy” refers to:a. The number of copies of unique chromosomes found in a cell