Exam 5 Study Guide General Psychology Fall 2012 This study guide is designed to help organize integrate and apply the important issues of this unit If you can answer these questions you should be in good shape There is a separate file of practice items designed to help with application of information not definitions I recommend that you study the material and then use the items to test your understanding I do not recommend that you begin or focus your studying on the practice items if you do your efforts will be too narrow Finishing Chapter 13 Social Psychology 1 What is social categorization Why do we do it Put people in groups based on shared characteristics General auto unconcious 2 What are in groups and out groups What are in group heterogeneity and out group homogeneity us social groups we identify with in group heterogeneity recognize we differ them group we don t identify with out group Homogenity believe they smililar 3 How do they contribute to prejudice What is a stereotype Are stereotypes positive or negative Are they accurate or not Charctertics you believe all group member share preconceptions things you think before meeting can be wrong for group Often wrong for individuals 4 What is prejudice What are some common forms of prejudice give examples Attitude evaluation about members of a social group Gen negative Example Sexism Racism Can be Anything 5 What is discrimination Treat people Differently only because of social group generally deny access rights or privileges 6 Origins of Prejudice What is the in group bias What is the belief in a just world How do these contribute to prejudice Similarly what are realistic conflict theory and scapegoating and how do they contribute In what ways does learning theory help explain the development of prejudice Categorize and stereotype automatically Origins of Prejudice Cognitive Roots Social Roots in group bias belief in a just world Emotional Roots negative emotions nourish prejudice realistic conflict theory having no resources scapegoat theory blame others Learning Theory modeling R 7 Three ways to decrease prejudice were discussed in class What were they What was learned from the Robber s Cave study What are jigsaw classrooms and do they work Stopping Prejudice and Discrimination Education schools educate students to be fair and just Laws No School segregation equal Schools and public Equal status contact esp if share common issue or problems Example robbers cave jigsaw classroom 8 What is altruism What are some of the factors that play a role in people s decision to help a stranger nine listed in class For example what is the bystander effect and why does it happen Altruism Help others without expectations of reward May involve risk of harm catch a grenade for you When do we help a stranger in need 1 We notice many not aware 2 Some people are ambiguous not sure 3 Take Responsibly 4 Bystander effect the more people you are around the less help you get 5 We know how to help them 6 Most likely to help when they are in a good mood 7 Female are helped easier 8 Not the Victims fault 9 Group work causes diffusion of responsibility 9 Three factors underlie initial attractions What are they and what do they mean What is the mere exposure effect What is the exception to the mere exposure effect In what types of relationships is physical attractiveness important What is the matching hypothesis and its exception A Initial Attraction 3 factors underlie initial attraction between strangers more likely to get more involved with people who are 1 Proximity physically near 2 Familiarity Being to like things that we are exposed to repeatedly Mere exposure effect the more we see them the more we like them If the first impression is negative your least likely to like them 3 Physical Attractiveness Key role in romance and friendship but its not the most important o the exceptions Female friendships 10 Continuing relationships What is reciprocal liking What is similarity Is it important to friendships romantic relationships or both What characteristics do people tend to be similar on in their relationships What types of things do people look for in their life partners B Getting acquainted 3 factors impact viability of relationships 1 Reciprocal liking We tend to like people who we think like us 2 Similarity friends and romance We are drawn to those with similar qualities 3 Desirable personality characteristics For life partners personal qualities 11 What does Social Exchange Theory help predict What factors do people seem to look at when deciding whether or not to keep or leave a relationship from lecture you should be able to name at least 2 things besides the direct costs and benefits of the relationship Social Exchange Theory why we stay and why we go We asses cost and benefits what we give and what we get 1 2 3 We determine relationship outcome We determine relationship satisfaction compare outcome to expectaions we expect different balances based off of expectations 4 If you put a lot in the relationship you won t walk away as easily 12 List and define the 3 components of love according to Sternberg Sternberg examines 3 components of relationships He states that all relationships consist of varying amounts of these three components passion motivational force intensity desire sexual chemistry intimacy emotional component closeness warmth sharing commitment cognitive component decisions to stay or not Different combinations create different types of relationships there are 8 possible you only need to know the following 3 for class 13 Can you distinguish between romantic love companionate love and consummate love which components does each have What determines satisfaction in a relationship in this model of love which relationships are happiest Romantic passion and intimacy many dating relationships before commitment REMEMBER RIP Companionate intimacy and commitment many marriages after the passion fades close friendships REMEMBER CIC Consummate All 3 passion intimacy and commitment what many Americans strive for in love Relationships can change types over time as the various amounts of the components grow and fade The happiest relationships are the ones where both people are getting what they want from the relationship problems occur when one part of the couple wants something different than the other So there is not a happiest type it is a happiest situation 14 What of people marry What divorce What remarry What are some of the most
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