Effective Learning Efficient Learning Metacognition thinking about thinking knowing about knowing Ex knowing when and how to use the effective strategies for learning and problem solving 1 Multitasking is an illusion You cannot focus your attention on 2 things at once the conscious brain works sequentially You cant do 2 controlled activities at the same time you can do an automatic and a controlled Takes longer to do the same amount of work and error rates are higher Called shift tasking and time is lost What does this mean for studying students Turn off TV Music or just instrumental Shut down facebook twitter youtube etc 2 Memory strategies help Repetition works but not most effective or efficient Instead Make it meaningful called elaboration Use tricks acronyms acrostics rhymes etc Use organization structure visualization Multisenses Overlearning Mix it up 3 The Value of Quizzing The Testing Effect Research shows that for any given amount of time You learn more if you study and quiz yourself than if you just study Practicing retrieving materials is just as important or more important than just review storage of material 4 The Value of Distributed Practice When it comes to learning 1 1 1 3 You learn more in the long run if you spread it out Review material multiple times over multiple days 4 5 successive relearning 5 Active Reading Strategies Help A textbook is not a novel treat it differently don t worry about spoilers SQ3R survey question read recite review reflect Highlighting and rereading aren t as effective 6 The Brain does Better with good food good exercise neurogenesis good sleep 7 The Brain does Worse with Too much stress Most problematic Stress without a break Feeling no control There is an optimal level Use coping skills meditation etc 8 Role of Self Regulation in efficient learning What is it Ability to manage emotions and behavior Includes impulse control ability to delay gratification People vary but you can train them The Ego Depletion Model of Self Regulation shows Means you can set the stage for success change environment to help at high risk time 9 Role of Self Efficacy in Effective Learning The belief you will can succeed All else equal ability time etc Those that believe they can are more likely to People vary on this but not set You can get more How Mastery and identification 10 The Role of Test Anxiety in low grades What is test anxiety An inability to show what you know choking under pressure 11 The role of overconfidence in low grades Many think they know more than they do so they don t study enough What contributes 1 mistaking familiarity for true knowledge 2 Self serving bias Distort truth to feel better about self 3 The hindsight bias if we can explain results after we think we could have predicted them
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