Jour175 Lecture Discussion 09 06 2011 Weeky News Quiz start reading newspapers or you re screwed US Politics World News Technology Sports Facts cant tell a reporter how they should be framed Journalists have to make that decision Framing is a concept that asks of each news item What should be included What should be left out What s truthful Ethical What s enough What has to be told Should the news media have an agenda Think about impact or think about truth To what extent should photographers and publishers consider the wishes of those they cover How to determine the balance between telling enough and minimizing harm Type of event ex Natural disaster vs war Caliber of event Proximity of event geographically and psychologically What makes News Timeliness Did the event just happen Proximity How close is the event physically and psychologically Prominence How many people have some knowledge of the person or event Significance How many people will be affected By how much Currency Is the event part of an ongoing issue If not should people know Controversy Is there conflict Uniqueness Emotional Appeal Group 1 USA Today President Obama delivers policy speech about jobs economy Hunt continues for fleeing Libyan leader Gaddafi Department of Justice files lawsuit to block proposed AT T T Mobil merger Holocaust Museum Field Trip On your own reserve ticket Paper due Oct 19 Newseum together with class Date to be announced What media are PRINT media We tend to talk about new technologies and new platforms with the language of the old o Ex TV was first called visual radio Language can limit how we understand choices solutions and opportunities If we call something a Newspaper what are we REALLY saying In different languages newspaper means different things In German it refers to time in Persian words and in Mandarin to letters These are media literacy questions Media literacy helps us understand what technology means Did you know 3 0 Youtube Video News is enabled by technology emphasizes timeliness usefulness interactivity First newspaper in America Publick Occurences filled up 3 of four pieces of paper Harris left the fourth side blank to leave room for other people to write notes and comments before passing the paper onto to others Lasted only one issue because it challenged the colonial authority It printed a story about the King of France having an affair Harris did not have royal consent to publish Seditious Libel John Peter Zenger In the US today Libel means its not true damages a reputation In Colonial America and England libel could be absolutely true but as long as you said something that was harmful to someone s reputation you could be sued and found guilty for libel Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton You must find Zenger not guilty You must defend the cause of liberty You have to be able to allow the media allow the press to write the truth about power about government If you don t give them the power to do so even if it damages reputation you allow us to live in a totalitarian state Jury of Zenger s peers agreed with Hamilton and from that moment in 1742 that we locate freedom of speech and of expression Early American papers were unusual in their challenges to authority Newspapers historically and commonly are conservative forces Newspapers appear regularly and cannot hide from authority As businesses they have a stake in a community s stability The Partisan Press political parties Early post revolution US newspapers were vicious mouthpieces for The federalist gained power in 1797 when Federalist John Adams became the president by defeating Anti Federalist Thomas Jefferson who became the VP In 1798 Adams and the Federalists who controlled congress passed the Alien and Sedition Act that 5 to 14 years Increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from Authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered dangerous to the peace and safety of the citizens Limited free speech The publishers of 25 Anti Federalist newspapers were arrested for making statements critical of the govt The angered citizens who voted Adams out of office in 1801 Then came a shift from Partisan Press to Commercial Press Tiffany Jewelers advertises every day in the NY Times on the top of page 3 Shift to daily publication of newspapers in early 19th century Allowed up to date information needed by merchants Encouraged the growth of advertising But Mercantile Papers were expensive at 6 cents a copy for wealthy readers only 2 business models o Ads vs Selling Copies Steam powered technology changed how The Sun could reach readers Technology changed who could afford newspapers Technology changed news content Technology changed nature of American politics o The fostering of Democracy 1846 The creation of the Associated Press The Birth of Objectivity The enshrining of the Inverted Pyramid as the preferred newspaper writing style o Who what where when Why and how Development of the Editorial Page the New York Tribune 1841 Horace Greeley developed editorials as a journalistic form in Development of Correspondents Interest in the Civil War prompts newspapers and the AP to send Via the telegraph the Civil War becomes the first conflict reported reporters to the fronts in real time AP reporters in the field facing censorship use the anonymous byline Dispatch to the Associated Press The Web Press mass circulation turned newspapers into profitable Kind of like a toilet paper roll Paper was in a continuous roll and ran through the printing machine got printed on both sides then guillotined to page size 1890s Technology business Yellow Journalism Human interest stories Sensationalist reporting Crusading coverage in the public interest New York World reporter Nellie Bly feigned mental illness with the support of her editor to get admitted to an insane asylum She also wrote about her trip around the world in 72 days Upton Sinclair The Jungle Got its name from The Yellow Kid a comic strip November 8 1896 It had appeared in Joseph Pulitzer s The New York World and William Randolph Hearst s The New York Journal Yellow Journalism was catered to people living in row houses it was essentially a journalism that might have done some good things but did it not always not usually for the best of reasons The comic strip did kind of the same thing People read the comic strip because the Yellow Kid raised storylines about social problems 1920s Rise of Tabloids Marketed to the working class Undercover reporting