Study Guide for Fall 19 Mid TermThe mid-term will consist of 30 MC questions, 10 True/False, and 4 short answer questions. Chapters covered on this test include 1, 3-8, 10-11, 13 and 15 Note: These are the terms and ideas most likely to appear on the mid-term. - Differences between conversation and Public speakingo P.S is more prepared, more formal and more clearly defined toles for thespeaker and audience- What needs does communicationfill o Physical needs/well beingo Identity needs-gain an idea who we areo Social needs-help create relationshipso Practical needs-everyday function- Def. of communication o Using messages to generate meanings- Communication as action (Linear)o Source-person talkingo Message-contento Channels-where/how its producedo Receiver-audienceo Noise-anything that interferes with message - Communication as transaction o Simultaneouso Send and receive messages concurrentlyo Back and forth- Communication as interaction o 2 way streeto Feedback-responseo Context-the environment where you give your speech at- Communication Principles o Communication is transactionalo Perception: Stop trying to be a great “public” speaker.o Perfection: When you make a mistake, no one cares but you. ...o Visualization: If you can see it, you can speak it.o Discipline: Practice makes perfectly good.o Description: Make it personal.o Inspiration: Speak to serve.o Anticipation: Always leave 'me wanting more- Content vs. relational dimensiono The content dimension involves the information being explicitlydiscussedo relational dimension expresses how you feel about the other person - Rhetorico Use of words/symbols to achieve a goal - General purposes for speecheso Informo Persuadeo entertain - Central idea vs. specific purposeo Central idea-thesiso Specific purpose-guides you as you write a speech- Ethics o The beliefs, values, moral principles by which we determine right vs wrong- First amendment-free speech- Slandero False statements that harm someone/known a statement is false- The five purposes of introductions o Preview main ideaso Gets audience attentiono Give audience a reason to listeno Introduce subjecto Establish credibility- Types of attention getters o Illustrationso Facts/statisticso Quotationso Humoro Questionso Reference to historical eventso Reference to recent events- Rhetorical questions vs responseevoking questions o A rhetorical question is a thought-provoking question for which you do not actually want a response.o A rhetorical question can arouse curiosity and motivate people to try to answer the question, causing them to pay close attention to what you say next- The three main purposes of a conclusion o Signal the endingo Summarizeo Create a final impact- The appeals used in speeches o Ethos, pathos, logos- Six criteria for evaluating Internet resources o Accountabilityo Accuracyo Objectivityo Timelinesso Usabilityo diversity- Def. of nonverbal communication o Messages expressed by nonlinguistic means- Platform conversationo Listeners make emotional connection with you through delivery - Emotional contagion theory o one person's emotions andrelated behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people.- Characteristics of effective delivery o Eye contacto Gestureso Movemento Postureo Facial expressionso Vocal delivery- Immediacy behavior o Establishing physical or psychological closeness between you and your audience- Aspects of vocal deliveryo Volume, pitch, rate, pauses, articulation, dialect, pronunciation- Power Posingo Increases testosterone and lowers cortisol-position body to make yourself more powerful/assertive looking- HAIL o Honesty, Authenticity, Integrity, love- Sources of supporting material o Personal knowledgeo Interneto Online databaseso Wikio blogs- Illustrations and type of illustrationso Brief-1-2 sentenceso Extended-beginning, middle, endo Personalo hypothetical - Definitions:o operational -Shows how something workso classification-dictionary definition- Describing and explaining - Analogies- a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification- Statistics and using them effectively o Reliable sourceso Authors rive and unbiased sourceo Interpret accuracyo Round off numberso Use visual aids- Opinions: lay, expert, eyewitness o Lay- evidence given by a witness who is not qualified as an expert but who testifies to opinions orinferences.o Expert- a belief or judgment about somethinggiven by an expert on the subject.o Eyewitness- It refers to an account given by people ofan event they have witnessed. - Demographics o Age, race, social, economic class- Demographic audience analysiso analysis of people based on age, race, social- Psychological audience analysis o identify the audience's attitudes, beliefs, and values- Situational audience analysis o Time of speech, size of audience, location of speech, speaking occasion- High context vs. low contexto Low-languages expresses thoughts, feelings, ideas as directly as possibleo High-subtle nonverbal cues- Listening styles and goalsoAction-Oriented Listening -immediately getting to themeaning of a message and determining what response is requiredoContent-Oriented Listening- (style of listening) depth and complexity of information and messagesoPeople-Oriented Listening-(style of listening) willing toinvest time and attention incommunications, but are differentiated in their interest in being supportivefriends and strengthening their relationshipsoTime-Oriented Listening- (style of listening) concerned with managing time; time is a precious resource to be conserved and protected; they are impatient and rushed with their interactions- Barriers of listening o Information overload-suggests that when a listener’s capacity is reached (when the working memory is full), then it’s harder to concentrate and remember what we hearo Personal concernso Outside distractionso Prejudiceo Speech rate vs thought ratePotential Short Answer Questions - Identify and explain the five cannons of rhetoric.o Invention-coming up with a message and adapting it to the audienceo Arrangement-organization of a speecho Style-use of languageo Memory-how well you memorize your speecho Delivery-use of verbal/nonverbal behaviors in your speech- Explain the four components of listening.o Attending Eye contact Appropriate facial expression Answering questions Exchanging ideaso Understanding Knowledge about the source of a messageo remembering- Number of