Axial skeleton: the skull Claudia Stanescu, Ph.D. Office Hours in Gittings 108 Tue 10-11am and Thurs 1-2pm or by appointmentObjectives: 1. List the major components of the axial skeleton. 2. List the 8 bones of the cranium and be able to describe their location and articulations within the skull and the bone features that belong to each bone. 3. List the 4 sutures and the bones that each separate.Objectives: 4. List the 14 bones of the face and be able to describe their location and articulations within the skull and the bone features that belong to each bone. 5. List the bones that compose the calvarium. 6. Name the bones that compose the eye orbit. 7. Describe the temporomadibular joint.Divisions of the skeletal system Axial Division Appendicular DivisionBone markings (Table 7.2 pg 212) 1) Process – an extension from a bone for articulation with another bone or muscle 2) Fossa – a depression in a bone surface 3) Foramen, meatus, canal – types of openings in bone surface for passage of blood vessels and nervesSkull • 8 cranial bones (surround the brain) • 14 facial bones • Cranium = brain case • Calvarium = the skull cap (roof of skull)8 Cranial Bones • Frontal bone (1) • Parietal bone (2) • Occipital bone (1) • Temporal bones (2) • Sphenoid (1) • Ethmoid (1)Frontal bone Parietal bone Calvarium = frontal + parietal + occipital bonesOccipital bone Foramen Magnum Occipital condylesTemporal bone Styloid process Mastoid Process External Auditory Meatus Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone Mandibular FossaTemporal Bone Mandibular FossaSphenoid Bone Sella Turcica Optic CanalEthmoid Bone – Crista Galli AnteriorEthmoid Bone – Crista Galli – Cribriform Plate – Olfactory ForaminaEthmoid Bone – Crista Galli – Cribriform Plate – Olfactory Foramina – Perpendicular Plate – Superior Nasal Conchae – Middle Nasal Conchae Anterior ViewPerpendicular plate (ethmoid) Middle nasal concha (ethmoid) Ethmoid bone: Cribriform plate Olfactory foramina Crista galliCranial sutures Coronal suture Squamousal suture Lambdoidal suture TMJCranial sutures Sagital suture ParietalFrontalTemporal14 Facial Bones • Zygomatic bones (2) • Maxillae (2) • Mandible (1) • Lacrimal (2) • Nasal bones (2) • Vomer (1) • Inferior nasal conchae (2) • Palatine bones (2) (jaw)(forms part of nasal septum)(Cheeks)(roof of mouth)Zygomatic bone Temporal process of the zygomatic bone Zygomatic arch = temporal process of zygomatic bone + zygomatic process of temporal boneMaxilla Palatine process of the maxilla Alveoli of the Maxilla (teeth sockets) Palatine bone Hard palate = palatine bones + palatine processes of maxilla (Alveoli are teeth sockets)Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Vomer Inferior nasal concha (bone) Mandible (septum)(jaw)(bridge)(connected in back, leavesspace in front = cartilage)Coronoid process of the mandible Madibular condyle (condylar process of the mandible) Body Ramus Alveoli of the mandible (teeth sockets) (branch)TMJHyoid bone (floating, surrounded by muscle)-broken in strangulation-not articulatedFrontal Bone Sphenoid Bone Maxilla Zygomatic Bone Ethmoid Bone Lacrimal Bone Palatine Bone Bones of the eye orbit (7 bones)Temporomadibular joint • The only moveable joint of the skull • Mandibular condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone form this joint • TMJ syndrome – pain associated with muscle spasm – muscles pull joint out of alignment (age, arthritis - clenching - mostcommon in women between