OUTLINE Basic Anatomy Nervous system divisions Spinal cord Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Divisions of Nervous system Midbrain Medulla Hindbrain Medulla Major relay b w spinal cord and brain Physically connects the spinal cord and the brain Cranial nerves emerge from the medulla Vital functions breathing heart rate blood pressure Arousal Hindbrain Metencephalon Pons bridge Sleep arousal audition balance Vestibular Nucleus Balance Cochlear Nucleus Sound Balance Sound Hindbrain Metencephalon Pons bridge Sleep arousal audition balance Cerebellum Motor coordination balance cognition Most nerves in the brain basically cerebellum means small brain Divisions of Nervous system Midbrain Midbrain Tectum dorsal half Tegmentum ventral half Separated by cerebral aqueduct links the third and fourth ventricles Midbrain Pain Motor function Midbrain Superior colliculi Guide eye movements and fixation of gaze Inferior colliculi Locate direction of sounds Divisions of Nervous system Midbrain Diencephalon Thalamus Sensory relay all except smell olfactory Arousal consciousness Critical to survival leads to coma if damaged Hypothalamus Regulatory center Controls pituitary gland hormonal regulation ANS control Divisions of Nervous system Limbic System Important with feeling emotions and regulating how emotions are expressed Collection of forebrain structures that participate in emotional behavior and learning The Basal Ganglia Control of movement Parkinson s and Huntington s disease ADHD OCD The Cerebral Cortex Neocortex is 90 of the human cerebral cortex Features of the Cortex Gyrus Hills Sulcus Valleys Fissure Features of the Cortex Gyrus Hills Sulcus Valleys Fissure Hemispheres Comparative Convolutions Encephalization Quotient Ratio of brain size to body size Layers of the Cerebral Cortex Lobes of the Cortex Central sulcus Frontal lobe Lateral fissure Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Contralateral Connections Frontal Lobe Forward most part of cerebral cortex Contains primary motor cortex prefontal cortex Broca s area Roles in motor function language memory many advanced functions Frontal Lobe Central Sulcus frontal lobe region that separates precentral gyrus blue from postcentral gyrus pink Frontal Lobe Primary Motor Cortex Precentral Gyrus frontal lobe region that contains primary motor cortex and controls voluntary body movement Motor Homunculus Frontal Lobe Prefrontal Cortex Functions include planning and organization attention decision making impulse control Phineas Gage Implicated in a number of psychopathologies Schizophrenia ADHD Sociopaths Parietal Lobe Primary somatosensory cortex association cortex Specialized for skin senses and senses that inform us about body position and movement spatial perception Association cortex areas capable of integrating sensory input with motor output Central Sulcus Parietal Lobe Postcentral Gyrus frontal lobe region that contains primary somatosensory cortex Sensory Homunculus Temporal Lobe Primary auditory cortex visual and auditory association areas additional language areas Limbic system Medial Temporal Lobe Location of many Limbic system structures including amygdala and hippocampus Occipital Lobe Primary visual cortex where visual information is processed Putting the Cortex back together
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