Lecture 4 ANTH 170c1 Outline of Last Lecture I How to determine when traits evolved II Ways of describing traits III Similar traits not acquired from a LCA A Derived trait and homologous B Derived and analogous IV Recall the term EEA V Order Primate All primates VI Old word monkeys Outline of Current Lecture I Super family Hominoidea A Hylobatidae gibbons II Characteristics of apes III Watch video IV Family Hominidae A Orangutans B Gorillas C Humans D Chimpanzees E Bonobos V Tribe Hominini Current Lecture Title Traits that characterize our closes relatives Question Which Traits characterize our closest relatives hominoids Question which type of primate are we most closely related to Old world Monkeys I Super Family Hominoidea A Hylobatidaegibbons 1 monogamous 2 territoreal 3 long arms 4 strictly arboreal 5 true brachiators II Characteristics of apes 1 larger move under branches instead of on top 2 suspensory feeding and locomotion 3 no tails not needed for balance 4 long arms short legs 5 more mobile shoulder and hip joints 6 they swing under branches because they are to heavy to stand on only one branch they distribute their weight 7 apes don t need tail they have long arms and short legs easier to pull up 8 they have larger brains than other monkeys 9 slower life histories meaning they can only start giving birth in 3 or 4 years 10 Longer life span Question what kind of traits are short arms in human relative to the last common ancestor of the homonoid family Derived III www youtube com watch v 7cJrg5BzIbc 5 37 prosimians and monkeys IV Family Hominidae great apes larger larger brains slower life histories A Orangutans 1 often solitary B Gorillas 1 single male 2 multi female C Humans 1 monogamous D Chimpanzees 1 multi female 2 multi male E bonobos 1 multi female 2 multi male V Tribe Hominini humans and our ancestors since just after the split from the human chimpanzee common ancestor A Bipedal B Reduced canines larger molars C larger brains relative to body size D develop more slowly E elaborate symbolic 2