Ellys PeeplesHD Exam 31.Chapter 8:Puberty- collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including a growth spurt and the growth of breasts or testes.- changes in body- development in sexual maturityPrimary sex characteristics- physical signs of maturity that are directly linked to the reproductive organsSecondary sex characteristics- physical signs of maturity that are not directly linked to reproductive organsAnorexia nervosa- persistent refusal to eat accompanied by an irrational fear of being overweightBulimia nervosa- disease in which people alternate between binge eating0 periods when they eat uncontrollably- and purging with laxatives or self- induced vomitingRead worksheet!READ about Real People p. 316Estrogen is released by the ovaries.Menarche is affected by nutrition.Teens have too many calories and too little iron.Kohlberg’s Theory: can stealing be justified.Preconventional Level: Punishment and RewardObedience to authorityNice behavior in exchange for future favorsConventional Level: Social NormsLive up to other’s expectationsFollow rules to maintain social orderPostconventional Level: Moral CodesAdhere to a social contract when it is validPersonal moral system based on abstract principlesChapter 9:Illusion of invulnerability- adolescents’ belief that misfortunes cannot happen to themImaginary audience- adolescent’s feeling that their behavior is constantly being watched by their peersEthnic identity- feeling of belonging to a specific ethnic groupEllys PeeplesHD Exam 32The myth of storm and stress- most adolescents admire/love their parents, rely for advice, embrace their values, feel loved by their parents. HIV leads to AIDS (loss of immune cells), cancer, death. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Date (acquaintance) rape- when someone is forced to have sexual intercourse with someone she or he knowsCrystallization- first phase in Super’s theory of career development, in which adolescents use their emerging identities to form ideas about careersPart-time employment-> school performance suffers, mental health and behavioral problems, misleading affluenceWhen jobs teach or take advantage of child’s skills, self-esteem may be enhanced. LEARNED HELPLESSNESS-Native American highest rate of suicide. Signs of suicide: threats of suicide, preoccupation w/ death, change in eat/sleep, loss of interest, gloom, give away valued possessions. Status offense- act that is not a crime if committed by an adult, such a truancy or running away from homeIndex offense- acts that are illegal regardless of the perpetrator’s age. Chapter 10:Intimacy vs. isolation- sixth stage in Erikson’s theory and the major psychosocial task for young adults.Lifestyle Factors: Smoking (quitting)- Hearing declines in late 20’s18-25 distinct life stage. quitting is beneficial. Leading contrib.. better health prob. More than ½ of cancer is caused by smoking.Marriage determines adult status in western culture.Binge drinking- 5+ guys, 4+ girls in a row within past 2 weeks.BMI- a ratio of body weight and height and is related to total body fat. Healthy= <25People in poverty are more likely sick.Ellys PeeplesHD Exam 33Postformal thought- thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subject factors play a role in thinking- highest level of thinkingFluid intelligence- flexibleCrystallized intelligence- life experienceStereotype threat- an evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which you belongSocial clock- tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completedPersonal control beliefs- the degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do. -> Idea you have influences your behaviorHope/ fear- health Chapter 11:Abusive relationship- relationships in which one person becomes aggressive toward the partnerSternberg’s three basic components of love- Passion- physical desireIntimacy- need to share thoughts and actions without fear of rejectionCommitment- willingness to stay with someone during good and bad timesExtended family- most common form of family around the world; one in which grandparents and other relatives live with parents and childrenFamilism- the idea that that family’s well-being takes precedence over the concerns of individual family