2 5 17 A Brief History of Radio video 1873 james clerk maxwell showed that electromagnetic waves could travel through hair 1888 heinrich hertz demonstrated Maxwell s theory by showing someone could produce detect electromag radiation 1892 Tesla used maxwell s mathemathical findings to show the send receive ing of radio frequency energy o Proposed method could be used to send receive messages Marconi built the first wireless transmitter 96 o Send signals up to 1 5 miles o 1901 Then built the first transatlantic radio communication service btwn Clifton Ireland Newfoundland Invtion of the spark gap transmitter o Allowed for the prod of the first comemercially available radio sets o These were plagued w probs mainly electrical interference o Improved w the invention prod of crystal radio sets First widely produced widely used radio sets in America Widely used in most American homes by 1920s American family cnxn to the rest of the country Problem all radio is being broadcast using AM waves amplitude modulation AM radio is med range and is prone to be blocked by urban structures 1933 Edwin H Armstrong invented FM radio o Frequency Modulation o Uses a wavelength that is less prone to static and blockage o Has longer range o Only needed one more revolution to become what it is today Last advancement was the transistor radio o Advantages over the old crystal sets o Sets were much cheaper than crystal used less power small size and very long life span On Death iPods A Requiem article Gadgets o Technology marches fwd so rapidly that even if you could replace a broken part doing so wouldn t make sense o They die even the ones we love 1990s crazy new music format called MP3 o Wasn t the greatest but good enough o Easy to DL and sounded good to normal ppl o DL a whole album s worth of music to your computer o Since its arrival recorded music had been a scarce commodity Had to work get money discs cassettes or long play vinyl records black tapes Led to curation you don t see anymore Had to make choices bc you couldn t have it all Music collection defined you your music Then internet gave places to steal music fit w libertine zeitgeist of millennium o Info wanted to be free music organized into digital files now LIMITLESS SUPPLY o Little flash players could barely hold an album Oct 2001 o Apple invited journalists down to see some new thing it had o Everyone knew it was going to be a music thing Only selected people allowed to go in o Apple keynotes weren t a big deal back then Steve Jobs mostly talked about Macs OS X and software Nobody really cared except some nerds o iPod event changed everything that would come after you can fit your whole music library in your pocket Never before possible o Reporters came back with those little white MP3 players boxes of compact discs Apple preloaded the music players w music fm real bands Couldn t legally give out the ipods w mp3s unless they also purchased a copy of every CD Everyone got 2 copies on ipod on CDs nobody kept CDs Apple design coolest thing bad taste in music Had a 5 gb hard drive and wheel to click thru all songs 400 They were everywhere white earbuds and clicking the wheel o Music changed Very real sense that apple was abetting music piracy cooler Apple made its own store start buying music again Entered the era of the single and playlist track mattered and album did not whole genres vanished into playlist Looking ipod looking into their soul You could see who they were know their inner lives a little better than you did before o Had ipod for 10 years Went everywhere filled with music of memories Death of the ipod classic death of dedicated portable music player Now it s all phones n apps o Everything a camera single use device is gone not cool o Iphone is subversive music doesn t define anyone anymore o Soon there will be no such thing as your music library Info doesn t want to be free wants to be a commodity Wants Packaged into apps Rented Reveal nothing too personal Ipod classic in car Would keep forever but no way to maintain it one day it ll die little hard drive will seirze up The Truth About Beats by Dre video Sound o People aren t buying them bc of how they sound o Have a rep of being overpriced and sounding like garbage Point of them o Margins cost to make it compared to selling it for o Audio Technica ATH M50 o Packaging is nice Advertising o Spends more money on these so everyone can know their name o First to use musicians to advertise o Lots of famous people advertise it Give it away to them for free Own 64 of market o Perceived value the more ppl think your prod is worth the more ppl will spend on it Pick budget How the Music Industry is Brainwashing You to Like Bad Pop Songs by Tom Barnes article Every year there s a new song that we all hate until we don t anymore bc we are brainwashed to them o Research suggests that repeated exposure is a much more surefire way of getting the general pub to like a song than writing one that suits their taste o Emotional centers of the brain reward ones too are more active when ppl hear songs they ve played before fMRI study 2011 Those brain areas are more active even than when people hear unfamiliar songs that are far better fits w musical taste Musical Stockholm syndrome o Term used orig by criminologist Nils Bejerot o Describe a phenomenon in which victs of kidnapping may begin to sympathize w their captors over time Most ppl assume they hear a song everywhere bc its popular but NO a song is popular bc it is played everywhere o Illegal for major labels to pay radio stations directly but it happens o Called Payola amalgm of the words pay Victrola Rampant in the 60s 80s pd the music industry was ran by a mob Labels pay indep promoters to incentivize radio stations to play their music or create program caps to make sure a song gets enough plays to have its affect o Neuroscience strategy if you hear it enough you ll like it Stockholm effect happens w culture too o Scientific term mere exposure effect Discovered in the 60s by Robert Zajonc and it can apply to anything images shapes songs or ppl o In his study participants reported liking songs more the 2 nd 3rd times they were exposed to them o Same response even when participants weren t aware of any prev exposure People can easily mistake the fluidity of their ability to identify n fully comprehend a song w actually liking it Once a song gets stuck in your head it may quickly transition from being irritating to being beloved Ex Black Eyed