EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDECHAPTERS ONE-SIXThis study guide is merely a guide to help organize some of the main themes or ideas within the chapters. This is by no means a complete guide to the test. Please use this as a guide as well as studying your class notes and reviewing the information you have already read. CHAPTER ONE:What is the difference between structuralism and functionalism?Know the different opinions of the individuals who held these views.What are the six theoretical perspectives in Psychology listed in your book? Be able to identify the principal contributors as well as the basic premise behind the perspective.What are the major areas of research and professional specialties in psychology? Have anunderstanding of the differences between each.CHAPTER TWO:Why do we use the scientific approach? What are the advantages? Disadvantages?What is a hypothesis? A theory? How are they related?What are the steps of the scientific method?Why is an operational definition important?Identify and independent versus dependent variable.What is the difference between experimental and control groups?Why is random assignment important?What is the difference between correlational studies and an experiment?What are the effects of sampling bias?CHAPTER THREE:What are neurons? What are the basic parts of a neuron and what is the function of each of those parts?What are the different states of the neural impulse (resting potential, action potential, etc.)?What is the function of the synaptic cleft?What are neurotransmitters and what is their function?Be able to identify and differentiate the systems within the nervous system. Know the areas and functions of the forebrain particularly as well as the midbrain and hindbrain.What is the main function of the limbic system?What is brain plasticity?What is the purpose of the endocrine system? How does it function?Who was Darwin and what were the principles of his theory?CHAPTER FOUR:What is the difference between sensation and perception?What are the main parts of the eye, how are they involved in vision, and how are nearsightedness and farsightedness affected by them?What are the differences between rods and cones?What is the function of the receptive field of a visual cell?How is visual information processed in the brain? What are the pathways that are involved?What are the different theories for how we view color? How are they integrated?What are the principles of feature analysis theory? What are the principles of Gestalt psychology? How are our expectations involved in what we see?Identify both binocular and monocular depth cues and understand why they are both important.How do we interpret sound?What are the differences between place theory and frequency theory?What are the four primary tastes?What is sensory adaptation?How is the sense of smell unique from all other senses?CHAPTER FIVE:What is consciousness? How are circadian rhythms involved in consciousness?How might an individual realign their circadian rhythms?What are the stages of sleep? How many times do we cycle through them?What are some of the sleep disorders and what are the principles behind them? What are some strategies for treating insomnia?What are some of the different theories of why we dream?What is hypnosis and who is most susceptible to being hypnotized? What are the different classes of psychoactive drugs? How do they affect individuals and how do they affect the systems of the body and mind?CHAPTER SIX:What is classical conditioning? What is the most famous study in classical conditioning?Be able to identify the different components of classical conditioning. (UCS, UCR, CS, CR)How might a phobia be a conditioned response?What are extinction and spontaneous recovery and how are they related?Who was little Albert and what is his story?What are the principles of operant conditioning? (reward v. punishment)What are reinforcers and what are the different schedules of reinforcement?What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?What is taste aversion? What is observational learning and why is it useful?Who was Albert Bandura? What were the results of his bobo doll study on aggression?Once again I want to urge you all to use this as a guide and be sure to review your notes and the chapters thoroughly. One good thing to do to quiz yourselves might be to try answering the practice test questions at the end of each chapter. Be sure to review over a period of time and not try to cram all this information in at the last minute. GOOD