10/30/20071Positive Values and CommunicationThis unit--• Chapter summary:– Defining and conceptualizing “values”– Acquisition of “values”• How are communication practices connected to global values (PCE #3)?• What are “communication values?”Defining Values•Value as an enduring belief about what is “worthy goal”•“Valuing” as a process of specifying what is preferred when facing a choice •Regarded as inherently good, across circumstances, by most people.Defining Values•Values are linked to behaviors when: –value is acquired from direct experience–value is a part of self-concept–we are behaving self-consciously–the value is more specific than general, –tracked over time10/30/20072Defining Values•Values as “expressions of self”•Values as conjoint expression of relationships, groups, organizations, cultures.Defining Values•Values as “expressions of self”•Values as conjoint expression of relationships, groups, organizations, cultures.Defining ValuesValues are not—•Attitudes•Traits•Norms•NeedsClassifying values(Peterson, pp. 175-179)10/30/20073Acquiring values• Socialization • Social learning theory exampleParents’ behaviorsChild’s behaviorsSociety (Past, Present, Future)Family (Past, Present, Future) What are “communication values”?“We value communication that is. . .”•Accurate•Appropriate•Artful•Clear•Creative•Credible•Dynamic•Effective•Easy to comprehend•Engaging•Expedient•Free speech•Honest•Immediate•Listener-centered•Logical•Mutual•Open•Organized•Polite•Positive•Powerful•Sufficient•Etc.Questions• Are some communication values more significant than others?– To whom? Why?• Does the salience of communication values vary across relational contexts and situations? – Why?• What values might be included in a top ten list of the most valued communication