SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 19.1Using Figure 19.1, match the following:1)Sinusoid capillary.1)2)Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into theblood.2)3)Capillary with intercellular clefts found in the skin and muscles.3)4)Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells in the lining.4)5)Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs.5)1Figure 19.2Using Figure 19.2, match the following:6)Splenic vein.6)7)Superior mesenteric vein.7)8)Inferior mesenteric vein.8)9)Hepatic portal vein.9)10)Right gastroepiploic vein.10)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:11)Largest artery of the body.12)Supplies the kidney.13)Supplies the duodenum and stomach.14)Supplies the distal areas of the largeintestine.15)Supplies pelvic structures.16)Artery that does not anastomose.A)AortaB)Common hepatic arteryC)Internal iliac arteryD)Renal arteryE)Inferior mesenteric artery11)12)13)14)15)16)2Match the following:17)Gives rise to the right common carotidand right subclavian artery.18)Supplies the lower limbs.19)Common site to take the pulse.20)Major supply to the cerebralhemispheres.21)Large unpaired branch of theabdominal aorta that supplies theliver, stomach, and spleen.A)Celiac trunkB)Radial arteryC)Brachiocephalic trunkD)Internal carotid arteryE)External iliac artery17)18)19)20)21)Match the following:22)Receives blood from all areas superiorto the diaphragm, except the heartwall.23)Carries oxygen-poor blood to thelungs.24)Drains the scalp.25)Runs through the armpit area, givingoff branches to the axillae, chest wall,and shoulder girdle.26)Drains the upper extremities, deepvein.A)External jugular veinB)Subclavian veinC)Superior vena cavaD)Pulmonary trunkE)Axillary artery22)23)24)25)26)Match the following:27)Artery usually palpated to take theblood pressure.28)Major artery of the thigh.29)Supplies the small intestine.30)Carries oxygen-rich blood from thelungs.31)Vessel commonly used as a coronlybypass vessel.A)Great saphenous veinB)Superior mesenteric arteryC)Brachial arteryD)Pulmonary veinE)Femoral artery27)28)29)30)31)3Match the following:32)Site where resistance to blood flow isgreatest.33)Site where exchanges of food andgases are made.34)Site where blood pressure is lowest.35)Site where the velocity of blood flow isfastest.36)Site where the velocity of blood flow isslowest.37)Site where the blood volume isgreatest.38)Site where the blood pressure isgreatest.39)Site that is the major determinant ofperipheral resistance.A)Large arteriesB)CapillariesC)ArteriolesD)Large veins32)33)34)35)36)37)38)39)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.40)The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time istermed autoregulation.40)41)Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulationbecause of its proximity to the heart.41)42)Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily movethrough the capillary membrane.42)43)The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.43)44)The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.44)45)The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.45)46)Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.46)47)A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into thecapillaries.47)48)The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is moreconcerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.48)449)Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.49)50)The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.50)51)In infants and young people, congenital vascular problems are less common than congenital heartdisease.51)52)The most common form of shock is hypovolemic shock.52)53)Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.53)54)The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.54)55)An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neckto the heart.55)56)Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterialanastomoses.56)57)An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.57)58)The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery.58)59)The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.59)60)Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid,bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.60)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.61)Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?A)blood volumeB)peripheral resistanceC)cardiac outputD)emotional state61)62)Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?A)ADHB)nitric acidC)angiotensin IID)atrial natriuretic peptide62)63)Which statement best describes arteries?A)Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.B)All carry blood away from the heart.C)All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.D)All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.63)64)Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?A)tunica externaB)tunica mediaC)basement membraneD)tunica intima64)565)Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primaryfunction of ________.A)arteriesB)arteriolesC)capillariesD)veins65)66)The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________.A)coronary circulationB)hepatic portal circulationC)pulmonary circulationD)cerebral circulation66)67)The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.A)capillariesB)arteriolesC)muscular arteriesD)elastic arteries67)68)Aldosterone will ________.A)promote an increase in blood pressureB)decrease sodium reabsorptionC)promote a decrease in blood volumeD)result in a larger output of urine68)69)The pulse pressure is ________.A)systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressureB)diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus