ANT2000 10/18/16KINSHIPANT2000 10/18/16KINSHIP- Family: Network or relative in which people are born and with whom they cooperate through prescribed rights and obligations- Bilateral Descent: Decent traced through both parentso Evident when an individual uses same term to describe other individuals of same sex on either mother or fathers side (mom brother and dad brother are both uncle)- Unilineal or Unilateral Descento Descent traced through either the male or the female line of ancestry to establish group membershipo In matrilineal descent, if ego is female, her offspring will join her mother’s lineage. If ego is male, his offspring will join his wife’s mother’s lineage.- Parallel vs. Cross-Cousinso Parallel Cousins Offspring of parent siblings of the same sexo Cross-Cousins Offspring of parental siblings of the opposite sex- Types of Descent Systemso Bilateral Descent traced through both male and female lines of ancestryo Patrilineal Descent traced through only male line of ancestryo Matrilineal Descent traced through only female line of ancestryo Ambilineal Flexible; descent traced through either male or female line of ancestry- Lineages, Clans, Totemismo Lineage U Unilineal kin group whose members descended from a common ancestor; descent can be demonstratedo Clan A Unilineal kin group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members are stipulated to have descended from a common ancestor, usually mythological 8 matrilineal clans of modern-day Seminole. Some clans expired with last surviving female of lineageo Totemism Belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits.- Larger Groups: Phratries, Moieties, Kindredo Phratry Unilineal descent group composed of at least 2 clans that share a common ancestoro Moiety Each of two groups divided into which people of a society are divided; common ancestry again stipulatedo Kindred Grouping of blood relatives based on bilateral descent. Includes all relatives with who ego shares at least one grandparent, great-grandparent, or great-great-grandparent on father and mother’s side- Kinship Terminologyo Lineal Terminology Common where nuclear family is most common group; terminology recognizes bilateral descent, while distinguishing lineal relatives, from collateral relatives, from affineso Bifurcate Merging Terminology2 Common to societies with Unilineal descent and unilocal Postmarital residence; for example, with patrilineal descent and Patrilocal residence, father and father’s brother are social equivalentso Generational Terminology Common to societies with Ambilineal descent; only two terms for ego’s parental generation; most inclusive form of