ANT2000 10 18 16 KINSHIP Family Network or relative in which people are born and with whom they cooperate through prescribed rights and obligations Bilateral Descent Decent traced through both parents o Evident when an individual uses same term to describe other individuals of same sex on either mother or fathers side mom brother and dad brother are both uncle Unilineal or Unilateral Descent o Descent traced through either the male or the female line of ancestry to establish group membership o In matrilineal descent if ego is female her offspring will join her mother s lineage If ego is male his offspring will join his wife s mother s lineage Parallel vs Cross Cousins o Parallel Cousins Offspring of parent siblings of the same sex o Cross Cousins Offspring of parental siblings of the opposite sex Types of Descent Systems o Bilateral Descent traced through both male and female lines of ancestry o Patrilineal Descent traced through only male line of ancestry o Matrilineal Descent traced through only female line of ancestry o Ambilineal Flexible descent traced through either male or female line of ancestry Lineages Clans Totemism o Lineage U Unilineal kin group whose members descended from a common ancestor descent can be demonstrated o Clan A Unilineal kin group often consisting of several lineages whose members are stipulated to have descended from a common ancestor usually mythological 8 matrilineal clans of modern day Seminole Some clans expired with last surviving female of lineage o Totemism Belief that people are related to particular animals plants or objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits Larger Groups Phratries Moieties Kindred o Phratry Unilineal descent group composed of at least 2 clans that share a common ancestor o Moiety Each of two groups divided into which people of a society are divided common ancestry again stipulated o Kindred Grouping of blood relatives based on bilateral descent Includes all relatives with who ego shares at least one grandparent great grandparent or great greatgrandparent on father and mother s side Kinship Terminology o Lineal Terminology Common where nuclear family is most common group terminology recognizes bilateral descent while distinguishing lineal relatives from collateral relatives from affines o Bifurcate Merging Terminology 2 Common to societies with Unilineal descent and unilocal Postmarital residence for example with patrilineal descent and Patrilocal residence father and father s brother are social equivalents o Generational Terminology Common to societies with Ambilineal descent only two terms for ego s parental generation most inclusive form of kinship 3