2 5 2016 HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PSY 401 TOPIC 3 EARLY PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT ANCIENTS China Egypt Ancient views on mental illness Greece 2 CHINA Worldview organized around the number 5 Metal Chinese pinyin j n Though in modern Chinese mostly means gold wood Chinese pinyin m water Chinese pinyin shu fire Chinese pinyin hu and earth Chinese pinyin t Thinkers Confucius 551 479BC Ruler Minister Father Son Husband Wife Hs n Tzu 298 212BC For Rational Empirical Against Superstition Can t control natural phenomena 3 1 2 5 2016 YIN YANG Equilibrium between Yin and Yang is essential to physical and psychological health 4 EYGPTIAN NOTION OF SOUL Ib Heart Emotion Thought Intention Seat of mental life Women had greater status 5 ANCIENT VIEWS ON MENTAL ILLNESS Babylonia Present day India Pakistan Hebrew Persia How did some of these early cultures view mental illness Devils Gods being challenged by demons Anger of Jehovah gave rise to mental disorders How did they treat these disorders Exorcisms incantations magical and religious rites 2 2 5 2016 GREECE 600 300BCE one of the most creative periods in human history MacLeod 1975 Profound effect on Western Intellectual tradition Greece in the style of speed dating Cosmologists Early concept of Illness The golden age 7 COSMOLOGISTS Early Greeks interested in the universe Nature Cosmology Origin Cosmogony Cosmologists ideas coincide with ideas in Psychology 8 COSMOLOGISTS Thales Science not religion Water was the primal substance from which everything evolved Anaximander First evolutionary theorist Creatures evolved Apeiron Who Nurtured the first infants First world map Sundial 9 3 2 5 2016 COSMOLOGISTS Pythagoras Immortality and the transmigration of souls vegetarian Valued Women Later Scholar Aesara W Early balance theorist 10 COSMOLOGISTS Leucippus Democritus Things come into existence through a whirl of atoms Fear motivated a belief in popular Greek gods Determinism or Free Will Strict Determinism Causation 11 EARLY CONCEPTS OF ILLNESS Aesculapius Therapy Sleep suggestion diet drugs massage baths Used snakes in healing rites Alcmaeon Tracing sensory channels to the brain Sleep blood moving away from brain to large channels in body Homeostatic equilibrium 12 4 2 5 2016 Disease disturbance of balance Intelligence proper balance of Fire and Water Dreaming activity of the soul and indicators of illness Diet Used surgical techniques including trephining First to classify mental disorders Paranoia disorganized behavior Epilepsy a natural disease of the brain Hippocrates 460 377 BCE 13 THE GOLDEN AGE Socrates 470 399 BCE Argued against Relativism Protagoras Knowledge comes from analysis of concepts Psychological and Philosophical rather than physical or biological methods Evil comes from ignorance knowledge is important His fate 14 THE GOLDEN AGE Plato 428 347 BCE First European university The Academy Tripartite soul Conflict model of human psychological disorders Irrational and asocial forces Discord in the soul Ignorance Philosophy ideal basis for changing cognitions 15 5 2 5 2016 THE GOLDEN AGE Aristotle 384 322 BCE Facts experienced by senses Hylomorphism Dreams not divine messages and lower animals dream Humans seek pleasure but should also seek good Habit Individual differences Social supports Freedom of choice 16 HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PSY 401 TOPIC 3 PART 2 EARLY PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT ROMAN PERIOD MIDDLE AGES 18 6 2 5 2016 ROMANS MIDDLE AGES Romans Medicine Philosophy Fall of the Roman Empire Early Christians Medieval 19 20 ROMANS MEDICINE Medicine a necessity to support army Galen Animal model use of dissection Balance of humors Good health Personality linked to 4 humors Rigorous scientist of the time His ideas that pneuma Spirit consistent with early Christian ideas Adopted into Christian Doctrine 21 7 2 5 2016 ROMANS PHILOSOPHY Stoicism No interest in physical science Epicureanism Pleasure is good Pain is evil Skepticism Is our sensory system really superior Neo Platonism Married early Greek Jewish and Christian mysticism Freedom of choice against astrology 22 Hypatia 370 415 CE 23 FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE EARLY CHRISTIANS Success Downfall Plague Infanticide Decrease in tax base Early Christianity was a series of faith systems Teachings of Jesus went against the early Christian movement These early teachings became unrecognizable in the modern Christian view 24 8 2 5 2016 MEDIEVAL 3 major religious traditions Jewish Christian Islamic Belief in Prophesy soothsaying astrology palmistry How is truth determined Truth in revelation and authority instead of reason 25 MEDIEVAL Real discovery Emergence of fore runners to modern Universities and Hospitals Eye glasses Clocks invented Chemistry Underwater vehicles and flight discussed 26 MEDIEVAL Aurelius Augustine 354 430 CE Study of human nature Sex and Women Fuelled the already misogynistic view of the Church 27 9 2 5 2016 MEDIEVAL Aurelius Augustine Psychology Infant motivation infants anti social and should be punished Grief Very sensitive ideas about grief Habit Rebuke may get rid of habit Story of young mans addiction to Gladiatorial games Memory Tip of the tongue emotion distorts memory Dreams Forbidden pleasures 28 MEDIEVAL Islam Prophet Mohammed had a revelation from God Posed a serious threat to Christianity Grew rapidly influenced medicine and philosophy Rhazes Against demonic theory Divergent behavior to cure mental illness Social therapy Empiricist first to apply chemistry to medicine limited by his religious beliefs tragic ending 29 MEDIEVAL Avicenna Faith and reason Brain had a role in psychological disorders Frontal areas perception and reason Occipital areas memory Mental representation of external objects occurs in the ventricles Averroes Alhazen First to discover retina not lens is the sensitive organ of the eye 30 10 2 5 2016 Maimonides 1135 1204 People have little need for reason 31 Abelard Heloise scandalous battle between faith and reason 32 MEDIEVAL Roger Bacon 1220 1292 Intellectual bridge between the Middle Ages modern thought Aquinas 1225 1274 University of Paris Reconciliation of Faith and Reason Believed in Soul and body being one Knowledge comes through our senses Brought back Aristotelian teachings 33 11 2 5 2016 DISCUSSION QUESTION What do you feel were the major characteristics of the Middle Ages Identify characteristics that were antithetical to the development of science explain 34 THE BEGINNINGS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY PIVNICKI 1969 THE PHYSICIAN ATTAINS