Biol152 Quiz #3 Spring 2015 There is one best answer for each of the questions. 1) When light causes retinal to change form the cis to trans configuration the end result is that it causes: a) an action potential in the rod cell. b) the membrane of the rod cell to hyperpolarize. c) the membrane of the rod cell to depolarize. d) opens a cGMP-gated sodium ion channel. 2) During their early stages of development, the embryos of reptiles, birds, and mammals look very similar. This suggests that reptiles, birds, and mammals: a) have a common ancestor. b) live the same type of environments. c) have undergone parallel evolution. d) are no longer evolving. 3) The process responsible for the development of complex structures is called: a) adaptive radiation b) selective reproduction c) differential development d) cumulative selection 4 The pectoral girdle in whales is an example of: (Use the more specific answer) a) an immortal gene. b) a homologous trait. c) a vestigial trait. d) an unexplainable phenomenon. 5) How does natural selection affect the frequency of mutations? a) Under conditions of high selection pressure, beneficial mutations occur more frequently b) Natural selection does not affect the frequency of mutations c) All mutations increase when selection pressure is high d) When there is no selection pressure, mutations do not occur e) Mutations occur less frequently when selection pressure is high 6) Which characteristic has prevented the avian flu from becoming a major global pandemic? a) Its inability to resist the immune system. b) Its poor ability to transmit from human to human. c) Its poor ability to enter human cells. d) Both b and c are true e)none of the characteristics listed are relevant.7) The difference between artificial selection and natural selection is: a) that in artificial selection the agent of selection is always non-living. b) that in natural selection the agent of selection is always living. c) that in artificial selection the agent of selection is humans. d) that in natural selection the agent of selection is humans. e) none of the above. 8) When the level of cGMP increases in the rod cell it causes: i. cGMP-gated sodium ion channels to open. ii. cGMP-gated sodium ion channels to close. iii. the release of a neurotransmitter. iv. stops the release of a neurotransmitter a) only i b) only ii c) both i and iv d) both ii and iv e) both i and iii 9) Which conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur. i. variation ii. heritable variation iii. sexual reproduction iv. differential reproduction v. long periods of time a) ii, iv, v b) i, iii, v c) ii, iii d) i, iv, v e) ii, iv Extra Credit 10) What was the name of the person whose writings introduced Darwin to the idea of uniformitarianism? a) Thomas R. Malthus b) William Paley c) Charles Lyell d) Miley Cyrus e) It was Darwin who invented the