HISTORY EXAM TWO (chapters 4-9)TERMS:- Triangle Trade: is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. Significance is that the colonies are growing, and developing and producing market. It was important to England because they got much needed cash crops from the colonies.. The triangular trade also benefited West Africa. The English traded goods for slaves, which was valuble to them. The English goods were not only useful, but also had good exchange value. They helped African economy. benefited the New England colonies. The New England colonies used slaves to get farm work and house work done more quickly. The slave trade gave the colonies more help to make cash crops, which they sold to England for more slaves, and on and on like that.- Glorious Revolution: Ended the reign of James II and ushered in the reign of William III and Mary II. The 1688 Revolution came at the end of a reign when James II had made it all too clear that he wanted Roman Catholicism reinstalled as the country’s religion. Significance is that it made protestant religion more powerful in England than Catholicism.- Navigation Acts: were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. They began in 1651 and ended 200 years later. Significance is that it contributed to the American Revolution because the colonists were angered by their restricted rights to trade.- Royal Governors: - John Locke: He got his fame from explaining the revolution. He said that it refuted divine right of kings, established contract theory of government, replaced divine right with the power of the people, and the people had the ultimate power. His theories shaped the thinking of American founders such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.- Yankee Doodle: a song that goes back to the seven years war. It was sung by British military officers to mock the disheveled, disorganized colonials.- Proclamation Line, 1763: At the frontier between the colonists and native Americans, colonists were unable to pass the line and settle. The british didn’t want to pay for a war between the colonists and the Indians, this is why the line was made. The significance is that it created 4 new colonies: Quebec, East and West Florida, and Grenada. Although it did end the celebration of the of the French and indian war coming to an end because colonial expansion was cut off.- Stamp Act 1765: The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. Significance is that The Stamp Act was the first direct tax, a tax on domestically produced and consumed items, that Parliament ever levied upon the colonists. Later was repealed, but led to british trying to tax things the colonies are importing like glass, lead, and tea.- Sons and Daughters of Liberty:- “No Taxation Without Representation”: is a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievanceof the British colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution. In short, many in those colonies believed that, as they were not directly representedin the distant British Parliament, any laws it passed affecting the colonists (such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act) were illegal under the Bill of Rights 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen. Colonists weren’t able to voice their opinions in Parliament.- Common Sense, 1776: is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776. Significance is that this was a founding period for the UnitedStates and the American government. It provided that extra push for independence.- Social Revolution: - Gradual Abolition: passed by the Pennsylvania legislature on 1 March 1780, was one of the first attempts by a government in the Western Hemisphere to begin an abolition of slavery. The Act prohibited further importation of slaves into the state. Led to avery gradual decline in the number of slaves and an increase of freedom granted to those previously enslaved.- Lord and Lordess: - Articles of Confederation: was a document signed amongst the thirteen original colonies that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution. Was later ratified on March 1, 1781. It had a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention- Shay’s Rebellion, 1786: An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in1786. Shays's followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system. Thesignificance was that it was one of the major factors that led to thewriting of the new constitution.- Bill of Rights, 1791: Is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. It is very important to the citizens to protect their rights and prevent the federal government from misusing its powers against the citizens.- Fugitive Slave Act: A law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, which provided southern slaveholders with legal weapons to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states. The law was highly unpopular in the North and helped to convert many previously indifferent northerners to antislavery.- Mr. President: George Washington didn’t want to give a lofty name that seemed supreme and aristocratic like “your highness.” This how the president’s were acknowledged. It was important to the perception towards the president and not having the thought that it is a dictator position.- Report on public credit, 1790: This was written by Alexander Hamilton and addressed the need of borrowing money and payingit back in a timely manner. The significance is what it means to theUnited States government structure by promoting a federalist centralized government and more power to the states.- War of 1812: the U.S. fought the British for 2 and a half years