GEO 121 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 22 32 Lecture 22 March 30 pg 204 205 climatology map 20 E meridian in Africa 1 Climate classification a f is humid 2 8 per month b w is winter dry season c s is Steppe Climate d o Tropical rainforest 20 Af 2 Vegetation classification a savannah forests grasslands i Af Aw BSh b Trees i Emerging ii Canopy iii Under story iv Broadleaf v Evergreen b Vines c Understory i Anything that falls to the forest floor gets broken down ii Quick cycling of nutrients due to warm moist environment 2 Tropical Savannah a Grasses b Short c Trees i Widely spaced b Wildlife i Herbivores ii Carnivores 2 Grasslands a Little rain but rain nonetheless 2 Desert a No rain b Short grass 2 Mediterranean a Cool moist winters b Dry summers c Caused by the Hadley Cell Lecture 23 April 1 1 A Humid Tropical a Savannah b Rainforest 2 3 4 5 6 i Broadleaf evergreen forest c Monsoon B Arid a Desert b Steppe C Humid Mesothermal a Mediterranean D Humid Microthermal a Subarctic E Polar a Tundra b Ice sheets H Highlands a Little to no vegetation due to this air and limited nutrients Lecture 24 April 3 Soil Orders 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gelisols Histosols Spodosols Andisols Oxisols Vertisols Aridisols Ultisols Mollisols Alfisols Inceptisols Entisols We will only use the soils in bold above Lecture 25 April 6 Pg 203 climate map 1 Guide to climate letters a A Humid tropical i Af tropical Rainforest ii Am tropical monsoon iii Aw tropical savannah b B Arid i BShtB5k steppe ii BWh BWk Desert c C Humid Mesothermal i ii iii Csb Mediterranean Cfa Humid subtropical Cfb Cfc Marine west coast d D Humid Micro thermal i Dfa Dwa Humid 1 continental Hot Summer ii Dfb Dwb Humid 1 continental mild summer ii Dwb Dwc Dwd Subarctic e E polar i ET Tundra ii EF Ice sheet f H highlands Lecture 26 April 8 1 A Humid Tropical a Af Philippines b Am Bangladesh c Aw Northern Australia 2 B Arid a BSh Saudi Arabia b BSk South Central Canada c BWh Iran d BWk Mongolia 3 C Humid Mesothermal a Csa Coastal California b Csb Southwest Africa c Cfa Northern Argentina d Cfb New Zealand e Cfc Southern Chile Marine Cfb and Cfc 4 D Humid Microthermal a Dfa mid west U S b Dwa North Korea c Dfb New England d Dwb Eastern Europe e Dfc Canada f Dfd Northern Eurasia g Dwc Dwd 5 E Polar a ET Greenland b EF Antarctica 6 H Highlands Lecture 27 April 10 1 A Moist Tropical Climates are known for their high temperatures year round and for their large amount of year round rain 2 B Dry Climates are characterized by little rain and a huge daily temperature range Two subgroups S semiarid or steppe and W arid or desert are used with the B climates 3 C In Humid Middle Latitude Climates land water differences play a large part These climates have warm dry summers and cool wet winters 4 D Continental Climates can be found in the interior regions of large land masses Total precipitation is not very high and seasonal temperatures vary widely 5 E Cold Climates describe this climate type perfectly These climates are part of areas where permanent ice and tundra are always present Only about four months of the year have above freezing temperatures a Further subgroups are designated by a second lower case letter which distinguish specific seasonal characteristics of temperature and precipitation b f Moist with adequate precipitation in all months and no dry season This letter usually accompanies the A C and D climates c m Rainforest climate in spite of short dry season in monsoon type cycle This letter only applies to A climates d s There is a dry season in the summer of the respective hemisphere high sun season e w There is a dry season in the winter of the respective hemisphere low sun season i To further denote variations in climate a third letter was added to the code ii a Hot summers where the warmest month is over 22 C 72 F These can be found in C and D climates iii b Warm summer with the warmest month below 22 C 72 F These can also be found in C and D climates iv c Cool short summers with less than four months over 10 C 50 F in the C and D climates v d Very cold winters with the coldest month below 38 C 36 F in the D climate only vi h Dry hot with a mean annual temperature over 18 C 64 F in B climates only vii k Dry cold with a mean annual temperature under 18 C 64 F in B climates only Lecture 28 April 13 1 Three basic climate groups a Three major climate groups show the dominance of special combinations of air mass source regions i Low latitude Climates These climates are controlled by equatorial a tropical air masses 1 Tropical Moist Climates 2 Wet Dry Climates 3 Dry Tropical Climate ii Mid latitude Climates Climates in this zone are affected by two different airmasses The tropical air masses are moving towards the poles and the polar airmasses are moving towards the equator These two air masses are in constant conflict Either air mass may dominate the area but neither has exclusive control 1 Dry Middle Latitude Steppe 2 Mediterranean Chaparral 3 Dry Middle Latitude Grasslands 4 Moist Continental Deciduous iii High latitude climates Polar and arctic air masses dominate these regions Canada and Siberia are two air mass sources which fall into this group A southern hemisphere counterpart to these continental centers does not exist Air masses of arctic origin meet polar continental air masses along the 60th and 70th parallels 1 Boreal Forest Taiga 2 Tundra iv Also Highlands but they don t fall under any category 1 Highland climates are cool to cold found in mountains and high plateaus Climates change rapidly on mountains becoming colder the higher the altitude gets The climate of a highland area is closely related to the climate of the surrounding biome The highlands have the same seasons and wet and dry periods as the biome they are in 2 Mountain climates are very important to midlatitude biomes They work as water storage areas Snow is kept back until spring and summer when it is released slowly as water through melting 3 Temperature Range 18 C to 10 C 2 F to 50 F 4 Average Annual Precipitation 23 cm 9 in 5 Latitude Range found all over the world 6 Global Position Rocky Mountain Range in North America the Andean mountain range in South America the Alps in Europe Mt Kilimanjaro in Africa the Himalayans in Tibet Mt Fuji in Japan Lecture 29 April 15 Climate Types 2 A Humid Tropical a Af Philippines Am Bangladesh Aw Northern Australia i f Moist with adequate precipitation in all months and no …