GEO 121 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Earth’s Physical EnvironmentsLecture 1 (January 26)Syllabus ReviewLecture 2 (January 28)Syllabus ReviewLecture 3 (January 30)MapsPlanimetric vs. Topographic oPlanimetric is very common, like a road mapoTopographic shows elevation via contour linesGenerally, maps:oShow locationoCan be either digital or paperoHave top down perspectiveMaps need:oScales to express distance (1:24,000 is a common, valueless ratio)oLegends to differentiate dataoNorth arrow (there can be 3 N-Arrows)oLines of latitude and longitudeoA titleoA dateLines of latitude and longitudeoMeasured in degrees, minutes, secondsoLines of latitude are called parallelsoLines of longitude are called meridiansoThe Prime Meridian is at 0 degreesoThe International Date Line is at 180 degrees E/W Planimetric MapsoMost common type of mapoAlso called thematic mapsoExample on pg. 28Lecture 4 (February 2)Topographic MapsSpecial Parallels and Meridianso90° North-Arctic Circleo90° South-Artic Circleo180° E/W International Date Lineo23° N-Tropic of Cancero23° S-Tropic of CapricornContour LinesoType of "iso" lineoConnects points of equal elevationoThe closer the lines, the more steep the elevationIso LinesoConnect points of equal valueoCan be isochronic-equal timeImportant SymbolsoM (usually with an x) denotes benchmarksoPerpendicular symbol denotes spot elevation (usually used by engineers and construction workers)oΔ denotes monumentsoThe U.S Geological Survey seeks to be 90% accurate 90% of the timeLecture 5 (February 4)Projection of Lines on a GlobeCan Be:oA Cone oA PlaneoA CylinderRobinson ProjectionArthur H. Robinsono1963oMiami University GraduateCreated to show the entire globe on a flat surfacePros:oAppealing to look atoMet publisher Rand McNally's needsoShowed the entire globeCons:oNeither equal area, nor conformaloDistortion near the PolesoStraight parallels imply sever angular distortionSurvey SystemsPublic Land Survey SystemoSurveys based on townships and rangesCreated based on a principle meridian and base lineMetes and BoundsoUses landmarks to indicate survey perimeters oUsed in the Virginia Military District (OH)Long LotoUsed in France initiallyoUsed in the French Grant Very small part of South OhioCivil TownoUsed in New EnglandoAlso called the New England Towno5x5 mile sectionsoBest used on flat landoUsed in the Connecticut Western Reserve and Fire Lands (OH)Lecture 6 (February 6)Review of MapsMaps need:oScales to express distance (1:24,000 is a common, valueless ratio)oLegends to differentiate dataoNorth arrow (there can be 3 N-Arrows)oLines of latitude and longitudeoA titleoA dateLines of latitude and longitudeoMeasured in degrees, minutes, secondsoLines of latitude are called parallelsoLines of longitude are called meridiansoThe Prime Meridian is at 0 degreesoThe International Date Line is at 180 degrees E/WTopographic MapsSpecial Parallels and Meridianso90° North-Arctic Circleo90° South-Artic Circleo180° E/W International Date Lineo23° N-Tropic of Cancero23° S-Tropic of CapricornContour LinesoType of "iso" lineoConnects points of equal elevationoThe closer the lines, the more steep the elevationLecture 7 (February 9) Review of ScalesTypes of ScalesoRatio ex: 1:24,000oFraction ex: 1/24,000oBar ScaleoVerbal Scale ex: one inch equals twenty-four thousand inchesCommon Scaleso1:24,000Most common scalesValueless unless specified otherwiseo1:63,360Equals exactly one mileo1:63,200Equals approximately one mileAerial PhotographsCan be:oBlack and WhiteoColoroInfraredoColor infraredThe current favorite amongst geographersShows reflected radiationAre affected