Criminology 304 Notes Set 3Criminology 304Class Notes Set 3 3/24/15: Hate Crimes - Video: Two Towns of Jasper. James Byrd Jr. Caseo James Byrd- black man that was killed by white men o Jasper, Texas o Black man was killedo The man was not dead when he was drug behind a caro Still a problem in the country about the perception of blacks o To some the word Nigger wasn’t seen as offensive but as a way to describe a black person. Times have changed and is now considered offensive and politically incorrect o Shawn Berry- assisted in the crime with the man who was dragged to death. Convicted and found guilty of the murder and got life in prison o The filmmakers One was black and one was white o Jasper has a large black and white population that coexist but don’t intermingle much - Video 2: Puzzles o A bar that is a mix of gay and straight people. It does drag shows o It is viewed as a comfort blanket and safe haven to some of its guests o A mysterious man cam in dressed in all black and hit a man with a hatchet o A man got shoto The assailant walked out and ran o 3 men shot and 2 hit with a hatchet by an 18 year old o Hatchet man is a symbol for a group called the juggalo- they follow a rap group and give them a sense of belonging o Jacob Robida- the man that committed the hate crime. Shot 3 and hit 2with a hatchet He was a racist  He only accepted whites  His hatchet was his weapon of choice o Some thought his racism was a phase o Jacob dies after the shootout o Most hate crimes are perpetrated by individuals who want to be seen as important, powerful or special. They are seeking attention 3/26/15- James Byrd Jro June 7, 1998: midnighto Bill King, Russll Brewer, Shawn Berry rode around in pick-up truck, drinking beer, “looking for women”1Criminology 304 Notes Set 3o Spotted a man on the roado Offered James Byrd a rideo 3AM: forced him out of the truck, beat him up, spray painted his face blacko Forced Byrd behind the truck, placed a logging chain around him and dragged him for more than 2 miles, decapitated - Hate Crimeso Tend to be excessively brutal to maximize the paino Interchangeability of Victims.  Perpetrated at random, complete strangers, could have been any other blacko Committed by multiple offenders - Definitions of Hate Crimeso Hate or Bias crimes are violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernable racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic o An ordinary crime becomes a hate crime when offenders choose a victim because of some characteristic- for example race, ethnicity, religion- and provide evidence that hate prompted them to commit the crime- Culture of Hateo Hatred is expressed in mass culture Art Music Religion Humoro Culture of hate: a person’s group affiliation…continues to provide a basis for dehumanizing and insulting treatment o Each play a part in dehumanizing and hatred o We are in a culture of hate. o Young people are the most likely to be the perpetrators- Types of Hate Crimeso 1. Thrill Seeking: most common No precipitating incident Looking to harass those who are different Psychological payoff: thrill of making someone suffer Social payoff: friends may approve Groups Example:- Property Interchangeability of Victims- Within group 2Criminology 304 Notes Set 3- Across groups: vulnerable  Homosexuality Secondary Victimizationo 2. Defensive Hate Crimes Reaction to what the perpetrator considers a precipitating or triggering incident to serve as a catalyst for the expression of their anger Target: a particular individual or set of individuals who are perceived to constitute a personal threat Still an element of interchangeability Victims: it could happen again Defensive hate crimes: sense of entitlement o 3. Mission Hate Crimes Rarest Kind Is an attack carried out by individuals with a mission; they seekto rid the world of evil by disposing of member of a despised group Perpetrator believes he/she has a higher order purpose in carrying out his/her crime  Seek to eliminate entire category  EXAMPLE:- Marc Lepine (1989)- University of Montreal, engineering school- Entered school with a semi-automatic rifle - Ordered male students to leave, left female students behind (they were to blame for him not getting into the school) - Shot all the women and then himself- Had a note in his pocket that said he was rejected by the school and the women were to blame for him not getting in cause they had his spot- Killed 14 women - Suicide note made it clear targets were female “feminists have ruined my life”In the film the Puzzles case was a defensive hate crime - Hate Crime Statistics Acto 1990o Law requires data be gathered about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicityo Including where appropriate the crimes of murder, non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, 3Criminology 304 Notes Set 3intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage, or vandalism of propertyo 1994 added disabled to groups to be tracked (UCR data) - 1994. Violence Against Women Acto 1990- Hate Crimes Statistics Acto Crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race religion sexual orientation or ethnicityo 1994- Violence against women act Specified all persons within the US shall have the right to be feefrom ci=rimes of violence motivated by gender- Hate Crimes Lawo 2009 Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr Hate Crimes Prevention Act Expands 1969 federal hate crime law to include crimes motivated by a victims actual or perceived gender sexual orientation gender identity or disability (Matthew Shepard was perceived to be gay and attacked beaten killed and left on a fence in the cold)- Hate Crimes Datao 1997: questions developed for NCVS to identify victims of hate crimeso Data on NCVS reported hate crimes defines as those incidents in which victims believe the offender selected them for a victimization because of one or more of their personal characteristics Race Ethnicity Religion Sexual orientation Disabilityo NCVS definition requires corroborating evidence of hate motivation at the incident The offender used derogatory language (98% tell a hate crime has occurred) The offender left hate symbols (9% tell a hate crime has occurred) The police confirmed