EST 200 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Generational Kinship II Descriptive kinship III Classificatory kinship IV Political organization V Decentralized political system Outline of Current Lecture I Decentralized political system II Tribe Current Lecture I Decentralized political system a Band small group of related people occupying a single region i Usually hunters gathers fisher people societies ii Politically autonomous groups numbering anywhere from about so to a few hundred We saw band societies in the films about the Baka and the Warorani that numbered about 30 people iii Kin groups composed of men and or women who are related or assumed to be with their spouses and unmarried children iv Cannot marry band members v Related families who occupy a common territory vi Who live together so long as environmental and subsistence circumstances are favorable b Egalitarian groups were everyone is related to and knows everyone else the value is getting along i So to reduce the potential for conflicts many are settled through gossip ridicule direct negotiation or mediation The solution that is considered just by most parties rather than conforming to some abstract law r rule is the accepted c Band is probably the oldest form of political organization since all of us were hunter and gatherers until farming and pastoralism became the means of meeting the needs of humans approximately 10 000 years ago i No need for formal centralized political system as the population is typically between 50 and 200 people These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II d People may leave the band to live with another band where they have relatives e Band decisions are made with the participation of its entire adult population with emphasis on achieving consensus rather than simple majority f Leaders become such by virtue of their abilities and serve in that capacity only as long as they retain the confidence of the community No hold on any position or the length of time one may hold that position Tribe a Decentralized or multicentric authority b A group of bands occupying a specific region which speck a common language share a common culture And are integrated by some unifying factor c Produces by farming or herding since these methods of production usually yield more food than these of the hunter gatherer band d Tribal membership is greater than band membership e Consists of 2 or more small autonomous nits which then form alliances with one another for various purposes f Political organization is informal and of a temporary nature g They join to solve problems with other tribes solve and return to autonomous state h Group decisions on basis of public consensus social mechanism of enforcement i Withdrawal of cooperation ii Gossip criticism iii And the belief that disease was caused by antisocial actions