World Civilization Study guide 2 1 The trade in Humans a People Portuguese with the help of the Spanish they quickly use up new market of slaves that opens up after 1500 the Americas Native American population for labor b Places Sahara as many as 5 million slaves were taken from the desert Saharan trade estimates difficult to say without concrete records 3 months to cross very dangerous Senegambia The middle passage approx 10 million slaves were shipped across here between 1500 1850 c Terms Slavery always existed from the Sumerians onwards Freedman libertus Roman slavery whole class of ex slaves freedmen liberti it was possible to buy freedom in process of manumission Sugar was a huge money maker 5 million estimated number of slaves involved in the Trans Saharan slave trade Took three months to cross was very dangerous 10 million between 1500 1850 as many as 10 million black west Africans shipped across the middle passage of the Atlantic to north America 2 Turkey a People Mongols Islam is taken over by Mediterranean region by Turks in 11th century Mongols in 14th century Seljuk first to assimilate Ottomans Seljuk turks controlled modern day Iran W Turkey Lebanon Syria Israel Jordan Saudi Arabia Uthman Osman As Seljuk empire began to fade they expanded their territory Osman 1299 1326 was ruled by Uthman Ottoman Turks Mehmet II the conqueror Suleyman the magnificent Tsar Nicholas I b Places Kosovo Constantinople Vienna Lepanto Crete c Terms Islam 600CE Muhammad begins to preach a new monotheistic religion Islam means submission to god followers are called Muslims Toleration especially for other monotheistic religions Objective is conquest not obliteration Under certain restrictions locals were allowed to follow their own religions if they swore loyalty or paid taxes for Christians if they submitted to Devshirme gathering or collecting Muslim those who submit to god followers of Islam Sunni distinction between secular and spiritual leader Shiite descendant of Mohammad as both secular and spiritual leader Devshirme gathering or collecting conscription of Christian children boys age 7 10 or even younger were taken from families converted to Islam and trained for military Sultan Timar the sick man in Europe d Events Battle of Kosovo 1389 Happened because Christian overlords did not want to lose power even though because of ottoman tolerance locals in this region were less likely to resist Capture of Constantinople conquest of Balkan peninsula European turkey completed when the Turkish sultan Mehmet II 1451 1481 successfully besiege the city of Constantinople in 1453 Battle of Lepanto 1571 Sieges of Vienna 1529 1683 Treaty of Karlowitz 1699 3 Persia and India a People Mongols Ghazan Safi al Din Ismail Safavids Shah Abbas Babur the conqueror Humayun Akbar Shah Jahan