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UNT PSYC 4600 - Exam 3 Study Guide
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PSYC 4600 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Chapters 8 11 Chapter 8 Applied Psychology The Legacy of Functionalism Applied Psychology represented a shift to a practical psychology Not what is the mind but rather what does it do Economic Influences on Applied Psychology o Number of PhDs growing needed new job options Three major areas of applied psychology Psychological Testing Industrial Organizational Psychology Clinical Psychology THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING MOVEMENT James McKeenCattell 1860 1944 Coined term mental test Work was similar to and inspired by Galton Alfred Binet 1857 1911 Disagreed with Galton and Cattell s approach higher level cognitive functions more appropriate measure of intelligence Came up with concept of Mental age Developed the first intelligence test Lewis M Terman 1877 1956 Developed the Stanford Binet now standard version of Binet s test Formalized the concept of Intelligence quotient IQ Henry Goddard 1866 1957 Original translator of Binet test to English Proponent of using psychological testing to screen immigrants to United States Impact of World Wars on Psychological Testing Army Alpha and Army Beta concept of group testing Psychological testing gained public acceptance Public education system in U S reorganized around IQ Many psychologists found gainful employment developing and applying psychological tests THE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY MOVEMENT Pioneer LightnerWitmer 1867 1956 o Began the field of clinical psychology Different from modern clinical psychology focused on assessing and treating learning and behavioral problems in schoolchildren Major impact on clinical psychology WWII o VA established training programs for hundreds of clinical psychologists to treat military personnel o Shift from child to adult population THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT Pioneer Walter Dill Scott 1869 1955 o First to apply psychology to personnel selection management and advertising The Impact of the World Wars o World War I Monumental increase in the scope popularity and growth of industrialorganizational psychology o World War II Brought psychologists into war work for testing screening and classifying recruits The Hawthorne Studies o Social psychological workplace more important than physical conditions Lillian Moller Gilbreth 1878 1972 First PhD in I O Psychology Expertise efficiency applied ideas to workplace and home environment Discriminated against in business and in publishing Worked together with husband construction business owner Hugo M nsterberg 1863 1916 M nsterberg Hand picked by William James to head lab at Harvard University First denounced applied psychology but eventually became the public face of the field Many different interests Forensic psychotherapy I O Factors that fostered the rise of applied psychology Darwin s notion of adaptation and function Galton s measurement of individual differences The American intellectual focus on the practical and the useful The shift within academic research laboratories from content to function brought about by James Angell and Woodworth Economic and social factors and the forces of war Chapter 9 Behaviorism Antecedent Influences Philosophical underpinnings of Behaviorism British empiricists Mechanism trace from Descartes Positivism trace from Comte Animal Comparative Psychology a major antecedent of Watson s Behaviorism Built on pioneering work of Romanes and Morgan Attempts to demonstrate existence of mind in lower organisms and continuity between animal and human minds Methodology was becoming more objective Jacques Loeb 1859 1924 German physiologist and zoologist faculty at Univ of Chicago where Watson met him Tropism Associative memory A small but busy field Edward Lee Thorndike 1874 1949 Created a mechanistic objective learning theory that focused on overt behavior Connectionism The Puzzle Box Trial and error learning Thorndike s Laws of Learning Law of effect understand the details Ivan Pavlov 1849 1936 Worked on conditioned reflexes dogs learned to salivate before food presented Influences on Watson experimental program very methodical and detailed inspired Watson Higher mental processes in animal subjects could be described in physiological terms without referencing consciousness Shift to discrete behavioral units that can be observed and described Vladimir M Bekhterev 1857 1927 Russian physiologist neurologist and psychiatrist Worked on associated reflexes Where Pavlov focused on glandular secretions Bekhterev interested in the motor conditioning response Chapter 10 Behaviorism The Beginnings John B Watson 1878 1958 o Clearly distinguished self as founder of behaviorism o PhD at Univ Chicago Academic Career short lived o Johns Hopkins University o Within a year chair of psychology dept and editor of Psychological Review o Resigned Affair with grad student Rosalie Rayner Business Career after leaving academic Advertising o Continued to write in popular outlets publish books and give lectures Timeline for The Development of Watson s Behaviorism o 1913 Official launch of behaviorism Psychological Review article Psychology As the Behaviorist Views It o 1915 Elected APA president o 1919 published Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist o More complete statement of behaviorist principles o Argued for use of animal psychology methods with humans o By the 1920s o Universities were offering courses in behaviorism o Term behaviorism was becoming acceptable in the professional journals o 1925 1930 Behaviorism o Outlined program for improvement of society Watson on Child Rearing Practices o Strong environmentalist position don t show child affection o His own children and even grandchildren suffered from serious depression The Methods of Behaviorism Observation with and without the use of instruments Testing methods The verbal report method verifiable The conditioned reflex method Watson responsible for its widespread use A change in the nature and role of the human subject in the psychology laboratory The Subject Matter of Behaviorism Focus elements of behavior o Body s muscular movements and glandular secretions Psychology should deal only with acts that can be described objectively Underlying theme All behavior considered in objective Stimulus Response S R terms Watson s behaviorism had explanations for o Instincts they don t exist what appears to be instinct is really an early learned response o Emotions o Thought Processes Little Albert study Tested conditioned emotional response fear Normal healthy


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UNT PSYC 4600 - Exam 3 Study Guide

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