POLS 131 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Chapters 5 6 11 12 14 Chapter 5 Asymmetrical power Form of conflict which weaker groups or forces can inflict significant damage against more powerful states or forces Reign of terror Terrorism committed by the French government Edmund Burke British philosopher who strongly criticized the French Reign of Terror Guernilla Warfare Use of selective violence against military targets by insurgency forces Uighurs Ethnic group that rebelled against China s annexation of Xinjiang in 1759 Madrassas Religious seminaries supported by Muslim charities worldwide Taliban Former government of Afghanistan that repressed its people and supported al Qaeda Virtual Networks A style of organization that is essentially leaders and facilitated by the internet Hawalas Informal system of transferring money based primarly on trust and interpersonal relation Hezbollah Shite terrorist group based in Lebanon Abu Sayyaf Terrorist group in Philippines that regularly kidnaps people to finance its activities Costs of terrorism 1 2 3 4 5 Individuals Economic Governments Foreign policy Costs Democracy Kinds Domestic Nationalist Religious State Global 4 way to respond to terrorism 1 Take ariel and satellite photographs and conduct general photo reconnaissance 2 Use a wide variety of listening devices to record conversations intercept radio and other signals and monitor computer activities 3 Use spied and informants 4 Collaborate with intelligence agencies from other countries and nonstate organizations 2 ways to fight terrorism 1 Guantanamo Bay 2 USA Patriot Act Chapter 6 Hobbesian worldview Places to constant struggle for power and dominance at the center of international relations Reason for the Proliferation of weapons The strategic economic and political motivations for proliferations 1 Superpower rivalry during the cold war 2 Military Burden Sharing 3 Regional Balance of Power 4 Political Military Economic Influence 5 Economics of Scale 6 Self Reliance 7 Economic Factors 8 Ethnic Conflicts 9 Authoritarian Regimes 10 Global Criminal Activities 11 Cultural Values 12 The Disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Fall of Communism The proliferation of Small Arms Land mines and Cluster Bombs Distinguish characteristics that make small arms and light weapons attractive Small arms and Light weapons are transferred in 3 basic ways 1 Governments transferring weapons to other governments 2 Government sanctioned commercial sales 3 Covert deliveries by governments or private firms with the assistance of governments Nuclear Posture Review Bush administration document that advocated a revitalized nuclear weapons complex capable of designing developing manufacturing and certifying new nuclear warheads in response to emerging global threats New START The United States and Russia agrees to cut strategic nuclear warheads deployed missiles and bombers Chemical weapons Weapons that are dispersed as a gas vapor liquid aerosols or are absorbed generally classified based on their effects Categories included Checking agents blood agents blister agents nerve agents 8D s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dissuasion Disarmament Diplomacy Denial Defusing Deterrence Defenses Destruction Chapter 11 Overpopulation Excessive population within an area that lacks enough resources for long term sustainment Replacement rate Rate at which a population remains stable Carrying capacity The maximum number of humans or animals that can survive Sexism Discrimination against an individual or group based on sex or gender classifications One child policy imposed on families in China to limit population growth Types of migration Forced and Induced Regional Rural to urban Seasonal Transit Return Push Factors negative developments leading many people to leave their homes Pull Factors Positive developments inducing people to move from their homes Chapter 12 British East India Company British company that dominated Indian trade Opium Wars Fought so that the British could force the opium trade onto the Chinese people Folgen triangle COuntires that cultivate opium puppies Harrison Act U S act requiring distributors and prescribers of drugs to be registered and pay tax Opium Control Board Estabished under the league of nations to monitor countries compliance with international drug agreements Plan Colombia U S sponsored atridrug campaign implement to eradicate colombias cocaine production Human traffic forced movement of people within or between countries Chapter 14 Jihad Arabic word symbolizing a religiously based inner struggle between good and evil that exists with all the people Ethnic conflicts Generally understood as violent clashes between or among groups with a particular country Cultural reservoir An accumulation of goodwill and understanding that emanates from a common set of values beliefs attitudes and racial and ethnic links Material culture Tangible products of human society Nonmaterial culture Intangible products of society such as values and rules of right wrong behavior Dhimmisp People of the book who also believe in the God of Abraham Mujahedeen Holy warrior who travel to Afghanistan to fight the Soviet occupation Kurds 0 An thinic group residing in Turkey Iraq Iran and Syria