Lecture 11 Alternative Energy: Solar, Geothermal and WavesGlobal Renewable Energy ConsumptionvideoPowerPoint PresentationSolar Impulse airplaneSlide 6Photovoltaic (PV) CellCapturing the sun’s power: the Maine Solar House videoSlide 9Rural Solar Power In the high Andes of Peru, a family is able to power lights and small appliances with a solar panel.Slide 11Concentrating the Sun’s Energy Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems focus sunlight onto water pipes, producing steam that is used to turn generator turbines.Solar ResourcesRunning on Nothing but Sunshine Solar race cars encounter a wide variety of driving conditions and hazards on the World Solar Challenge route from Darwin to Adelaide.A member of Stanford University’s team reclines in their entry for the 2011 World Solar Challenge.Slide 16Solar AdvantagesSolar DisadvantagesGeothermal Energy Heat energy generated & stored in Earth Energy not originating from the SunGeothermal Electricity: In a dry-steam power plant, underground hot water and steam are used to generate electricity.Slide 21Geothermal ResourcesSlide 23AdvantagesDisadvantagesOcean energySlide 27Onshore Wave EnergyTidal BarrageTidal Turbine Once it is fully operational, this tidal turbine on the coast of Northern Ireland will generate 1.2 megawatts of renewable energy to the equivalent of 1,000 homes.Slide 31Slide 32Conservation SavingsLecture 11Alternative Energy: Solar, Geothermal and WavesECOL 1000: Ecological Basis of Environmental IssuesUniversity of GeorgiaSpring 2015© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Global Renewable Energy ConsumptionvideoThe Solar Impulse videoSolar-powered plane finishes record-setting journey from California to New York CityThe Solar Impulse touched down at JFK airport at 11:09 p.m. Saturday, July 6, 2013. The plane traveled day and night powered by solar energy, and crossed the U.S. without the use of fuel.Solar Impulse airplane•On 3 May 2013, the plane began its first cross-US flight from Mountain View, California, to Arizona. •Successive legs of the flight took the Solar Impulse to Dallas, St. Louis and Washington DC; it finally finished at New York's John F. Kennedy airport on July 6. •Each flight leg took between 19 and 25 hours, with multi-day stops in each city between flights.•The second leg of its trip (to Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport) covered 958 mi, and set a new world distance record in solar aviation•On 6 July 2013, the Solar Impulse completed its cross-country journey, landing successfully at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.Energy Self-SufficiencyThe Visitor’s Center at Zion National Park in Utah is heated almost entirely by solar energy. Solar panels on the Visitor’s Center at Zion National Park provide most of the electricity needed to power this facility.The south-facing wall of the building is mostly glass. On the other side of the glass is a masonry wall with a black coating that absorbs sunlight. This wall absorbs and stores heat, gradually releasing the heat into the building over the course of the day.© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Photovoltaic (PV) Cell1) Photovoltaic technology (photovoltaic effect)2)Concentrating solar power (CSP)Small fraction of power, although photovoltaic (also called PV) cell production growing by 25% per yearCapturing the sun’s power:the Maine Solar House videoThe “power plant of the future” is a house?© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Rural Solar PowerIn the high Andes of Peru, a family is able to power lights and small appliances with a solar panel.Google is currently using renewable energy to power 35% operations.Goal is to power the company with 100% renewable energy.Google not only recognizes the environmental benefits (and marketing opportunities), but they understand that investing in renewable energy is a business opportunity; “Doing well by doing good”.Concentrating the Sun’s EnergyConcentrating solar power (CSP) systems focus sunlight onto water pipes, producing steam that is used to turn generator turbines.Solar Resources Low rainfall and limited cloud cover make the southwestern United States an ideal region for solar power use.© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Running on Nothing but SunshineSolar race cars encounter a wide variety of driving conditions and hazards on the World Solar Challenge route from Darwin to Adelaide..A member of Stanford University’s team reclines in their entry for the 2011 World Solar Challenge.Competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car. The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe, USA and Australia. Often entered by universities to develop their students' engineering and technological skills; many business corporations have entered competitions as well.The 2013 World Solar Challenge winning team videoSolar Advantages•Free & renewable•No emissions•Roof installations / space options •20,000 jobs now and increasing 35% per yearSolar Disadvantages•High start up costs ($10,000 - $20,000 for home to save hundreds $ / year)•Cost of electricity compared to coal produced electricity•Daylight requirements•Geographical limitations•Hazardous materials used in construction© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Geothermal EnergyHeat energy generated & stored in EarthEnergy not originating from the Sun© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Geothermal Electricity:In a dry-steam power plant, underground hot water and steam are used to generate electricity.Geothermal Energy in Iceland video© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Geothermal ResourcesGround-source heat pumps may be used across the United States, but geothermal reservoirs sufficient for geothermal power plants exist mainly in the western states.Ground source heat pumps for heating and coolingTake advantage of the stable temperatures below the surface of the Earth!Advantages•Reliable & inexpensive•Pollution free•Ground source heat pumps•GSHP use 30-70% less energy than conventional methodsDisadvantages•Ecosystem disturbance (e.g. Yellowstone National Park)•Replenishment rates of ground heat•High start up costs•Geographic limitations (California, Nevada, Hawaii, & Utah)Ocean energy•Using kinetic energy of tides & wavesEnergy from waves video© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Onshore Wave EnergyEach day, the tide rises and falls 13.5 m (40 ft) at the barrage in La Rance, France. The barrage