PSY 202: Lecture 21) Definition of a case study- An in-depth observation of one person or a small group. • It is Hard to generalize from case studies and it is sometimes hard to generalize from sample of research subjects (e.g., college students) to everyone else.2) Goals of science: Describe: What is it about your sweetie that makes you go “mmmm”?Predict:When will your professor give a pop quiz?Explain:Why is your roommate grumpy?Control:How can you make your parents or boss give you more money?3) Key terms:Theory- proposed set of principles to organize and explain a phenomenon.Hypothesis- proposed, testable relationship between two or more variables. Variables- things that can vary.Categorical variables- values are different members of a category.• Ex: NationalityContinuous variables- values vary in magnitude along some dimension. • Ex: IncomeOutcome variable- variable hypothesized to show a difference when value of predictor is changed. Predictor variable- variable that is hypothesized to be associated with change in outcome.PSY 202: Lecture 2←Manipulated variables- predictor variables that the researcher controls and changes.True experiment- Experimenter manipulates (controls and changes the value of) the independent variable; everything else is held constant or is randomized.Independent variable- variable the experimenter manipulates while holding other variables con-stant and using random assignment. Dependent variable- variable whose value is hypothesized to vary according to value of indepen-dent