PSY 1001 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Vision A Problems with Vison B Perception 1 Bottom up Top down processing 2 Perception Outline of Current Lecture I Audition A Sensory organ Ear B Frequency perception C Sound localization Touch Taste I II III Somatosensory touch A Sensory Organs and Perception B Somatosensory Taste A 5 Taste Olfactory A Pheromones Current Lecture I Audition A Sensory Organ Ear These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 1 Hearing a Audition our sense of hearing is the sense we rely on most after sight b Sound is simply vibrations traveling through a medium usually air and has i Pitch wave frequency ii Loudness amplitude of the sound waves iii Timbre complexity of sound B Frequency perception A Frequency encoding 1 Frequency theory and volley theory neurons rate of firing reproduces the frequency of the sound a Explains perception of low and middle pitches 2 Place theory different tones excite different areas of the basilar membrane and primary auditory cortex C Sound localization A Spatial Locations 1 We rely on binaural cues to tell us where sounds are coming from 2 These cues include differences between the two ears in the timing and intensity of sound waves I Somatosensory A Sensory Organs and Perceptions 1 Responds to pressure temperature and injury 2 We sense these with specialized nerve endings a Around 500 000 sensory receptors that detect pressure are located in the skin B Somatosensory Pathways II 1 nerves carry info to spinal cord 2 Spinal reflexes may be activated 3 Connects in brain stem 4 Touch cortex and association cortices 5 Pain cortex and limbic areas Taste chemicals dissolved in saliva A 5 elementary taste III 1 Sweet 2 Salty 3 Sour 4 Bitter 5 Umami Olfactory A Pheromones 1 Pheromones odorlessairborne molecules play a crucial role in the behavior of many animals 2 Pheromones can have an effect on human attraction to potential mates 3 Pheromones play a role in synchronizing menstrual cycles 4 Pheromones can affect 5 We can smell fear