Slide 1The Old OrderLoose Factionalism, DemagoguesSlide 4Slide 5The New Deal CoalitionThe South & The New DealThe New DealSlide 9Slide 10South Texas JefesSlide 12Texas in TransitionBreakdown of Traditional Loyalties?Slide 15Truman/Dewey/Thurmond (1948)Eisenhower/Stevenson 1952Slide 18Texas Politics in TransitionThe Old OrderSegregation- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): the Supreme Court upheld racial segregation, arguing that “separate but equal” train cars and other facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment’s “equal protection” clauseDemocratic Dominance: Political control by white Democrats was secured through the Poll Tax and White PrimaryLoose Factionalism, Demagogues“As long as I honor the memory of the Confederate dead, respect and revere the gallant devotion of my Confederate father to our Southland and wear his name, I will never vote for the electors of a Party which sent the carpetbagger and the scalawag to the prostrate South with saber and sword to crush the white civilization on the earth.”-Sam Rayburn (D-TX), speaking at the Bonham First Baptist Church in 1928The New Deal CoalitionThe South & The New Deal-The South had been the bedrock of the Democratic Party since the 1860s-Regional solidarity, ability to block legislation that might affect the region’s social, political, and economic status quo-Democratic ascendency and southern control of key congressional committeesThe New Deal-“Banking Holliday”-Civilian Conservation Corps-Tennessee Valley Authority-Rural electrification-Works Programs-Agricultural Adjustment Act-Social Security Act (1935)-New Deal: partisan loyalty reinforced for rural Texans-Emergence of recognizably “conservative” and “liberal” factions within the Texas Democratic PartyRoosevelt VP “Cactus Jack” GarnerSouth Texas Jefes-In the Hispanic counties of South Texas, votes were typically controlled by local bosses-Often, bosses would pay poll taxes and then transport people to the polls-Archie Parr, the “Duke of Duval”Texas in Transition-45.4% urban in 1940, 62.7% in 1950-Urbanization- destabilized traditional political culture-Economics-Growth of hispanic populationBreakdown of Traditional Loyalties?-The “Texas Regulars” (1944)-The Dixiecrat Revolt (1948)Truman/Dewey/Thurmond (1948)Eisenhower/Stevenson 1952“Democratic supremacy persists, although its original base has shrunk to minor significance. In 1940, only one Texan in seven was a Negro. White Texans, unlike white Mississippians, have little cause to be obsessed about the Negro. The Lone Star State is concerned about money and how to make it, about oil and sulfur and gas, about cattle and dust storms and irrigation, about cotton and banking and Mexicans.”-V.O. Key,