Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3The Democratic-RepublicansThe Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99)The Nullification CrisisSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9The “Civil War Amendments”Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Virginia and The PPAC Act (“Obamacare”)The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, section 2)Federalism Continued…Dual Federalism “Cooperative” FederalismTwo levels of government are co-equal sovereigns, each supreme within its own sphereAssumes the national government is supreme.The Constitution: a compact between the States?Views the people, rather than the states, as the source of the government’s legitimacy10th Amendment as a limitation on the national government; believes in narrow reading of “Necessary and Proper” clauseLoose interpretation of the necessary and proper clause; emphasis on the Supremacy Clause-National assumption of state debts; funding of existing public debt-National Bank-Excise Tax on Alcohol-Tariff on ImportsThe Democratic-Republicans-Support centered in the West and South-Envisioned an agrarian republic, with individual liberty grounded in land ownership and responsive local governmentThe Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99)-Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)-Sedition Act used to convict 10 men, most of whom were Democratic-Republican newspaper editors-KY and VA Resolutions suggested that when the federal gvt. exceeded its authority, the states could nullify its actsThe Nullification Crisis-John Calhoun (SC) argued that the federal govt. was a creation of the states, which were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of laws-“Tariff of Abominations” (1828)-Compromise Tariff (1832)“The Union must and shall be preserved.”The “Civil War Amendments”-13th Amendment (1865): Outlawed slavery-14th Amendment: Created a national citizenship (1868)-15th Amendment (1870): National right to vote regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”The New Deal (1933-1937) The Great Society (circa 1965)Grants-in-aid: Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal governmentVirginia and The PPAC Act (“Obamacare”)-In February 2010, VA enacted a law stating that “No resident of this Commonwealth .H.H. shall be required to obtain or maintain a policy of individual [health] insurance coverage.”-In March 2010, Congress passed the PPAC, mandating that individuals have health insurance beginning in 2014The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, section 2)“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof... shall be the supreme Law of the Land... any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary